Transcript present
Chapter 6 Using Verbs The Principal Parts of a Verb, Verb Tense, and Progressive and Emphatic Forms The Principal Parts… • Every verb has FOUR principal parts: »Present, –Present Participle, –Past, and –Past Participle Present Present Participle Past Past Participle jump (is) jumping jumped (has) jumped Regular Verbs • A regular verb is a verb whose form does not change when it is used in past or present tense. Ex. talk (present) + ed = talked (past and past participle) • The past and past participle of a regular verb are formed by adding –ed or –d to the present. Irregular Verbs • Unlike regular verbs, irregular verbs, like taught, are formed some other way than by adding –ed or –d. (Look at the chart on p. 131 for a list of irregular verbs) Irregular Verbs (continued) • Irregular verbs can be classified into five groups: • Group One: the forms of the present, past, and past participle remains the same. Present Past Past Participle hurt hurt (have) hurt • Group Two: The forms of the past and the past participle are the same. Present Past Past Participle say said (have) said Irregular Verbs (continued) • Group Three: the vowel changes from I, to a, to u. Present Past Past Participle sink sank (have) sunk • Group Four: the past participle is formed by adding –n or –en to the PAST. Present Past Past Participle steal stole (have) stolen Verb Tense • A tense is a verb form that shows the time of an action or condition. “Hmm. Verb tenses are very interesting.” Types of Tenses: Simple and Perfect • There are SIX tenses in English: present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect. He dances. [present] He danced. [past] He will dance. [future] He has danced. [present perfect] He had danced. [past perfect] He will have danced. [future perfect] Present Tense • The present tense shows an ACTION or CONDITION that occurs in the present, regularly, and is constant or generally true. Examples: Nancy sees the rabbit hopping in the grass. [occurs in the present] She always uses binoculars when we go site-seeing. [occurs regularly] Rabbits are animals. [is constant or generally true] Past Tense • The past tense shows an ACTION or CONDITION that occurred in the past. Example: Janie bought a CD at the store. Future Tense • The future tense shows an ACTION or CONDITION that will occur in the future. Example: Janie will listen to the CD in the car. Present Perfect Tense • The present perfect tense shows an ACTION or CONDITION that began in the past and continues into the present. • To form the perfect tense, add has or have to the past participle of a verb. Examples: I have seen this movie before. [singular] They have bathed before. [plural] Past Perfect Tense • The past perfect tense shows an ACTION in the past that came before another action or condition in the past. • To form the past perfect tense, add had to the past participle of a verb. Examples: John won the race in the car whose carburetor he had rebuilt. [singular] We had bathed before. [plural] Future Perfect Tense • The future perfect tense shows an ACTION that will occur before another action or condition in the future. • To form the future perfect tense, add will plus have to the past participle of a verb. Examples: By August, you will have learned how to swim. [singular] By Friday, they will have bathed many times. [plural] REMEMBER… Perfect tense tells a listener or a reader that the act has been completed. Therefore, you can think of the word perfect as meaning completed. When they end determines which tense you use. Let’s Practice! • I have fallen before. • By November, I will have flown overseas ten times. • I had flown on an airplane before. • I threw it yesterday. • I live in a complex society. Let’s Practice! (continued) • I had driven the Mustang before. • I have done it before. • By next year, I will have sold fifty houses. • I will go to town tomorrow. • Julie came to town yesterday.