Transcript perfect
Practicing Perfects… Making the Perfect Tense 1. Take the 3rd principal part 2. Take away the ending (-ī) 3. Add the perfect tense endings 3rd PP - ī + ī imus isti istis it erunt Examples! CUSTODIO 1. 3RD principal part: custodivi 2. Take away the -ī ending (custodiv-) 3. Add the perfect tense endings ī imus isti istis it erunt custodio habeo custodivi custodivisti custodivit custodivimus custodivistis custodiverunt habui habuisti habuit habuimus habuistis habuerunt Neco Specto Necavi Necavisti Necavit Necavimus Necavistis necaverunt Spectavi Spectavisti Spectavit Spectavimus Spectavistis spectaverunt appareo devoro apparui apparuisti apparuit apparuimus apparuistis apparuerunt devoravi devoravisti devoravit devoravimus devoravistis devoraverunt terreo dormio terrui terruisti terruit terruimus terruistis terruerunt dormivi dormivisti dormivit dormivimus dormivistis dormiverunt Some verbs you may need to know for the exercises… • gemo, gemere, gemui, gemitus – to groan • mitto, mittere, misi, missus – to send • discedo, discedere, discessi, discessus – to depart, withdraw • haereo, haerēre, haesi, haesus – to stick, cling to • iubeo, iubēre, iussi, iussus – to order Changing from perfect to imperfect For verbs that follow the typical principal part pattern For verbs that have a life all of their own (most 3rd conjugations) • Based on the structure of the perfect verb (looking at that 3rd PP), determine the verb’s conjugation (1st, 2nd, or 4th) • Determine the 2nd PP, based on the patterns you know • Form the imperfect from there • Unfortunately, these are the verbs for which you have to memorize the principal parts! • If you know the verb’s principal parts, determine the 2nd PP • Form the imperfect from there Examples from HW: Spectavimus (1st pl) PPs: specto, spectare, spectavi, spectatus (1st conjugation) Imperfect: 2nd PP: spectare Spect – are Spect + a Specta + bamus = Spectabmus Necavi (1st sg) PPs: neco, necare, necavi, necatus (1st conjugation) Imperfect: 2nd PP: necare Nec – are Nec + a Neca + bam = necabam III. Change from perfect to imperfect: 1. spectabamus 6. mittebamus 11. haerēbam 2. gemebant 7. discedebatis 12. iubebamus 3. necabam 8. dormiebat 13. necabatis 4. errabat 9. petebant 14. errabant 5. tenēbas 10. intrabas 15. discedebat Changing from perfect to present For verbs that follow the typical principal part pattern For verbs that have a life all of their own (most 3rd conjugations) • Based on the structure of the perfect verb (looking at that 3rd PP), determine the verb’s conjugation (1st, 2nd, or 4th) • Determine the 2nd PP, based on the patterns you know • Form the present from there • Sadly again, these are the verbs for which you have to memorize the principal parts! • If you know the verb’s principal parts, determine the 2nd PP • Form the present from there Example from HW Spectavimus (1st pl) PPs: specto, spectare, spectavi, spectatus Present: 2nd PP: spectare Specta - re Specta + mus = Spectamus IV. Change from perfect to present: 1. spectamus 6. mittimus 11. haereo 2. gemunt 7. disceditis 12. iubemus 3. neco 8. dormit 13. necatis 4. errat 9. petunt 14. errant 5. tenes 10. intras 15. discedit