Transcript notes - mortimerna

Lesson 1
Pronouns
• A pronoun is a word that takes the place
of one or more nouns.
• Pronouns keep us from having to repeat
the same noun.
Example:
James owns an ax, but James needs a log
splitter.
James owns an ax, but he needs a log splitter.
• Singular pronouns refer to one person or
thing.
• Plural pronouns refer to more than one.
SINGULAR PRONOUNS
I
you
he
she
PLURAL PRONOUNS
we you
they
it
• A pronoun makes sense only if you know
which noun it replaces.
• The noun that the pronoun refers to is
called the antecedent.
• Make sure that you have a clear
antecedent for every pronoun.
• A pronoun can have more than one
antecedent.
Examples:
When George had enough money, he bought a
bike.
George left the bike out in the rain, and it rusted.
After Brian and Carla had collected many recipes,
they decided to write a cookbook.
(write your own example)
• The antecedent does not have to be in
the same sentence as the pronoun.
Example:
Brian and Carla wrote the cookbook. Carla
illustrated it.
Lesson 2
Pronouns as Subjects
and Objects
• You know that nouns can be subjects or
direct objects.
• A pronoun that replaces a subject is a
subject pronoun.
Example:
Bob Phillips hit the ball. He hit the ball.
• A pronoun that replaces a direct object is
an object pronoun.
• An object pronoun receives the action of
a verb.
• Object pronouns are used after words
such as to, in, for, and at.
Examples:
Dad knows Sue Fox. Dad knows her.
Kevin threw the ball to Joan. Kevin threw
the ball to her.
• The chart shows how singular and plural
pronouns change their forms according
to their use.
Subject Pronouns
Singular
Object Pronouns
Plural
Singular
Plural
I
we
me
us
you
you
you
you
he, she, it
they
him, her, it
them
Lesson 3
Possessive Pronouns
• You know that possessive nouns show
ownership.
• A pronoun that shows ownership is called
a possessive pronoun.
Example:
My mug is on the table. Its handle is broken.
• Some possessive pronouns always come
before nouns. Other possessive pronouns
always stand alone.
Before nouns:
Her mug is red. Our glasses are clean.
Stand alone:
That mug is theirs. This is mine, not hers.
• The chart shows the singular and plural
possessive nouns. Notice that his and its
can come before nouns or can stand
alone.
Possessive Pronouns
Used before nouns
Used alone
my
our
mine
ours
your
your
yours
yours
his, her, its
their
his, hers, its
theirs
• Do not confuse possessive pronouns
with contractions.
• Possessive pronouns do not have
apostrophes.
Possessive Pronouns
its
their
Contraction
it’s
(it is)
they’re
(they are)
you
you’re
(you are)
Lesson 4
Pronouns After Linking
Verbs
• You have learned that a linking verb
joins the subject of a sentence with a
predicate noun.
• Always use subject pronouns after
linking verbs.
Example:
The champions were they. The team members
were she and I.
• To check that the pronoun is correct,
reverse the order of the sentence.
They were the champions. (correct)
Them were the champions. (incorrect)
Lesson 5
Pronouns in Compound
Subjects and Objects
• You know that two or more simple
subjects joined by and or or make up a
compound subject.
• The pronouns in compound subjects are
subject pronouns.
• If you want to include yourself as part of
the compound subject, use the subject
pronoun I.
• It is polite to mention yourself last.
Example:
Pam or I will water the plants.
She and he took a walk.
• To check that a pronoun is correct, try
using it alone as the subject.
• For example, drop the words Pam or. I
will water the plants is correct. Me will
water the plants is not.
• You know that a direct object receives
the action of a verb.
• Any pronoun in a compound direct
object must be an object pronoun.
• Here, too, it is polite to mention yourself
last.
Example:
The dog followed Tim and me. (followed who?)
The class invited her, him, and me. (invited who?)
• To be sure that the pronoun is correct,
ask yourself which pronoun fits when
used alone.
• For example, drop Tom and. The dog
followed me is correct. The dog
followed I is not.
Lesson 6
Using Who, Whom,
Whose
• The words who, whom, and whose are
forms of the pronoun who.
• Questions often include who, whom, or
whose.
• Use who as a subject pronoun.
Example:
Who is running for office?
Who voted this morning?
(write your own example)
• Use whom as an object pronoun.
Example:
Whom do you believe?
(You do believe whom.)
Whom has Barry chosen?
(Berry has chosen whom.)
(write your own example)
• To check that whom is correct, make a
statement out of the question, as shown in
the example on the previous slide.
• Whom, not who, is correct because it
works as a direct object in both
examples.
• Whose is the possessive form of the
pronoun who.
• You often use the pronoun whose when
you ask questions about ownership.
Example:
Whose ideas are better?
Whose vote will decide?
• Do not confuse whose and who’s. Whose
is a possessive pronoun. Who’s is a
contraction of the words who is.
• Remember that a possessive pronoun
never has an apostrophe.
Example:
Who’s the best person for the job? (Who is)
Whose sister is she?
Lesson 7
Using We and Us with
Nouns
• The pronouns we and us are often used
with nouns for emphasis.
• Use the subject pronoun we with a
subject or after a linking verb.
• Use the object pronoun us with a direct
object.
Examples:
WITH A SUBJECT
We girls are the state champions.
AFTER A LINKING VERB
The winning players were we boys.
WITH A DIRECT OBJECT
The team needs us fans. (needs who?)
Lesson 8
Indefinite Pronouns
• You have learned that pronouns take the
place of nouns.
• The nouns that they replace are called
antecedents.
• Pronouns called indefinite pronouns do
not have definite antecedents.
• An indefinite pronoun does not refer to a
specific person, place, or thing.
Example:
Someone left a book on the desk.
Does anybody need a pencil?
• Some indefinite pronouns are singular
and always take a singular verb.
• Other indefinite pronouns are plural and
always take a plural verb.
Singular: Everybody is waiting for the teacher.
Plural: Many are excited about the lesson.
• The chart shows the most common
singular and plural indefinite pronouns.
Singular
Plural
anybody
everybody
nothing
all
others
anyone
everyone
somebody
both
several
anything
everything
someone
few
some
each
nobody
something
many