Transcript One Word Stage - English Language

One Word Stage
• Child uses single word utterances from 1 to 18
months.
• Often this is used in a naming function – i.e to
label something.
• But sometimes used to convey more complex
messages – ie. ‘juice’ may mean ‘I want more
juice’ or ‘I’ve spilt my juice’ – these are called
holophrases.
Grammatical Development
• A child’s ability to arrange
words in an appropriate order
(their syntactical development)
happens in the following
stages:
• One word stage
• Two word stage
• Telegraphic stage
Two Word Stage
• Usually start to appear at 18 months
• Usually used in grammatically correct sequence ie.
• Subject + verb – ‘Jenny sleep’
• Verb + object – ‘draw doggie’
• Subject + object – ‘Suzy juice’
• When a child repeats what an adult is saying they
usually omit some words but keep important ones
and they are usually in the correct order
Acquisition of Inflections
•
Cruttenden (1979) – 3 stages:
1.
2.
3.
•
Words learnt independently without understanding of general
grammatical rules – i.e at first they correctly use plural ‘feet’ and
past tense ‘ran’
Show an awareness of general principles and apply these rules
even when the words are irregular ie. ‘foots’ and ‘runned’ – this
is called overgeneralisation
Inflections are used correctly, even irregular forms.
Berko’s (1958) ‘Wugs’ experiment indicates when a
child has grasped grammatical rules rather than
just imitating what they hear others say.
Acquisition of Negatives
•
Again, 3 stages:
1. Dependence on words ‘no’ and ‘not’ i.e. ‘’no want’
2. During third year a wider range of words such as
‘don’t’ and ‘can’t’ begin to be used
3. More negative forms are acquired i.e. ‘didn’t’ and
‘isn’t’ and these are used in the correct constructions
more often
Acquisition of Interrogatives
•
3 stages
1. During two word stage,
rely on intonation alone –
/
‘daddy gone’
2. At age of two, question words are acquired –
what, where, why etc. – but not yet using
auxiliary verbs i.e. ‘where daddy gone’ rather
than ‘where has daddy gone’
3. In third year begin to use auxiliary verbs and
learn to make questions by reversing the
order of subject and verb i.e. ‘Joe is here’ / ‘is
Joe here’
Telegraphic Stage
• From age of 2 children begin producing 3 and 4 word
utterances.
• Some of these will be grammatically complete but others will
have elements missing ie. ‘daddy home now’
• They include key words but miss out others such as
determiners, auxiliary verbs and prepositions (like telegrams)
• By age of 3 these items are beginning to be used regularly,
sentences contain more than one clause and conjunctions
begin to be used.
• Inflectional affixes are also acquired during this period – ‘-ing
‘-s’ ‘-ed’ endings