Transcript Stage 4 Notes

Stage 4 Notes
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So far we have seen Latin sentences with
verbs that look like this:
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ancilla laborat.
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mercator ambulat. The merchant walks.
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coquus dormit. The cook is sleeping.
The slave girl is working.
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In all of these sentences, the verb ends in -t. This is
known as the third person.
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For example, if I talked in the third person I would
say something like- “magistra Luczki typed these
notes.”
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Third person verbs have nominative subjects.
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Without a nominative subject, he, she, or it is the
subject. This type of subject is “IN” THE PERSON
INDICATOR
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In this stage we will see verbs with different endings.
For example:
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laboro I work
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laboras you work ambulas you walk dormis you sleep
ambulo I walk
dormio I sleep
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The form of the verb that ends in –o is
known is first person and is translated as
I __blank, I am blank (ing), I do blank.
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Likewise, verbs that end in –s are second
person verbs and are translated as: you
blank, you are blank (ing), or you do blank.
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Stage 4 introduces the pronouns tu (you)
and ego (I) before the verb.
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The Romans only used these pronouns for
emphasis of the subject and it is important
to realize the person indicators (o/m,s,t,
mus,tis, nt) tell you the subject of the verb
all on their own.
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As in English, the verb to be is also irregular in
Latin. We have seen the form est before.
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sum laetus. es laetus.
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I am happy. You are happy. Grumio is happy.
Grumio est laetus.
Practice
Please identify the person (1st, 2nd or 3rd) of the following
verbs and what the subject would be:
1. quaero
2. vendis
3. habeo
4. agit
5. sum
6. coquo
7. est
8. reddis
9. es
10. inquit
Answers
1. quaero
1st: I
2. vendis
2nd: You
3. habeo
1st: I
4. agit
3rd: Nominative
5. sum
1st: I
6. coquo
1st: I
7. est
3rd: Nominative
8. reddis
2nd: You
9. es
2nd: You
10. inquit
3rd: Nominative
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When you look up a verb in the dictionary or
vocab list it will look like this:
(Dictionary entry of verb)
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laborat (from laboro, laborare, laboravi)- to work
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3rd person
3rd person
form of verb
ends in –t (he
works)
1st pres,
1st person form
of verb (I work)
infinitive,
Cut off -re to get stem
to attach to
2nd, and 3rd person
Endings (to work)
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The present tense is translated as (blank) s,
is/are (blank) ing, or __ does blank.
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To form the present tense, look at the first
two principle parts of your dictionary entry:
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laboro, laborare, laboravi
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First plug laboro into the first person sing.
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Then figure out the stem of the verb by cutting off
the -re from the infinitive form.
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laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus
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What is the stem?
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labora is what you will attach the rest of the
present tense endings to.
labora-
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To form the present tense, plug laboro into the
1st person singular and then use the stem labora
and attach a -s and -t.
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1st person - laborO
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2nd person - laborAs You work, You are working
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3rd person - laborAt
I work, I am working
He/she/it works, is working
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Conjugate and translate doceo, docere,
docui: to teach into the present tense-
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1st person -
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2nd person -
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3rd person -
doceo, docere, docui
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present tense-
doceo I teach, I am teaching, I do
teach
2nd person - doces You teach, You are teaching,
You do teach
3rdperson - docet
He/she/it teaches, he/she/it is
teaching, He/ she/ it does
teach
1st person -