Transcript Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert

Effective English
for Colleges
11th Edition
Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 4
VERBS: ADVANCED
CONCEPTS
© 2006 SOUTH-WESTERN EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING
Learning Objectives
1
To use mood and voice
appropriately
2
To identify participles, gerunds,
and infinitives
3
To use progressive emphasis
correctly
Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 4, Slide 2
Mood
 Use indicative mood to
 state
facts
 ask questions
 Use imperative mood to
 give
instructions and orders
 make certain types of requests
 Use subjunctive mood to



express requests, demands, orders, and preferences
refer to future events
express conditions that are “make believe”
Refer to CHECKPOINTS 1 and 2.
Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 4, Slide 3
Voice
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Subject of the sentence
does the action
Subject of the sentence
receives the action
Refer to CHECKPOINT 3.
Refer to APPLICATIONS 4-1 through 4-2.
Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 4, Slide 4
Verbals
PARTICIPLE
Verb form used as an adjective
• Present Participles
• Past Participles
Refer to CHECKPOINT 4-5.
GERUND
Verb ending in –ing
used as a noun
INFINITIVE
To + verb or verb phrase
used as nouns, adjectives, or
adverbs
Refer to CHECKPOINT 6.
Refer to CHECKPOINT 7.
Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 4, Slide 5
Progressive Emphasis
 A verb with progressive emphasis indicates that the
action is in progress at or during a certain time.
 To form verbs with progressive emphasis, use the
helping verb to be with the present participle (-ing
form) of the main verb.
Refer to CHECKPOINTS 8 and 9.
Refer to APPLICATIONS 4-3 through 4-4.
Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 4, Slide 6
Three Pairs of Troublesome Verbs
Lie/Lay, Sit/Set, Rise/Raise
Intransitive Verbs (lie, sit, rise) do not have direct
objects and cannot be used in the passive voice
PRESENT TENSE
lie(s)
sit(s)
rise(s)
PAST TENSE
lay
sat
rose
Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller
PAST PARTICIPLE
lain
sat
risen
Chapter 4, Slide 7
Three Pairs of Troublesome Verbs
Lie/Lay, Sit/Set, Rise/Raise
Transitive Verbs (lay, set, raise) have direct
objects and can be used in the passive voice
PRESENT TENSE
lay(s)
set(s)
raise(s)
PAST TENSE
laid
set
raised
PAST PARTICIPLE
laid
set
raised
Refer to CHECKPOINT 10.
Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 4, Slide 8
More Troublesome Verbs
 Proper use of may and can
 Proper use of bring and take
 Proper use of doesn’t and don’t
 Proper use of other contractions
Refer to CHECKPOINTS 11 through 14.
Refer to APPLICATIONS 4-5 and 4-6.
Refer to Chapter 4 REVIEW.
Refer to APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE.
Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 4, Slide 9