Transcript What are modifiers? - Ms. B`s Class is Online

Understanding Modifiers
What are modifiers?
Adjectives and adverbs
Phrases
Clauses
Uses of modifiers
Troublesome modifiers
Bad/Badly
Good/Well
Review A
Review B
What are modifiers?
You’ve found a dog with no tags, so
you call the animal shelter.
I have found a
dog.
What
When
does
did
it look
find
like?
it?
Where
didyou
you
find
it?
To help you find the owners, the
shelter staff needs to know more
about the dog.
What are modifiers?
A modifier is a word or word group that makes
the meaning of another word or word group more
specific.
Where
did you
you
find
it?
Whendoes
did
find
it?
What
it look
like?
II
Ifound
foundaa
alarge,
large,
found
large,
brown
dog
near
brown
dog
near
brown
dog.
the
thelibrary.
library
yesterday.
What are modifiers?
Adjectives
Some modifiers are one-word modifiers.
An adjective is a word that makes the meaning
of a noun or pronoun more specific.
Noun
They play in the park.
Adjective
They
They
play
play
inin
the
the
spacious
green park.
park.
What are modifiers?
Adjectives
An adjective tells what kind, which one, or how
many.
smooth rocks
rocks
What kind?
mug
Which one?
cubes
How many?
this mug
five cubes
What are modifiers?
Adverbs
An adverb is a word that makes the meaning of
a verb, an adjective, or another adverb more
specific.
Verb
The water flows.
Adverb
The water flows rapidly.
gently.
What are modifiers?
Adverbs
An adverb is a word that makes the meaning of
a verb, an adjective, or another adverb more
specific.
Adverb
Adjective
We have had an extremely hot summer.
Adverb
Adverb
They entered the house rather quietly.
What are modifiers?
Adverbs
An adverb tells where, when, how, or to what
extent (how much, how long, or how often).
Verb
The artist painted.
Where?
The artist painted here.
When?
The artist painted today.
How?
To what extent?
The artist painted beautifully.
The artist often painted.
What are modifiers?
Adjective or adverb?
Many adverbs end in –ly.
She speaks clearly.
It stopped suddenly.
However, some modifiers ending in –ly are used
as adjectives.
the monthly budget
a lively discussion
And some adverbs do not end in –ly.
He always works hard.
We arrived early.
What are modifiers?
Adjectives and adverbs
On Your Own
Identify the boldfaced modifier as an adjective (ADJ) or an
adverb (ADV), and tell which word it modifies.
____ 1. The chipmunk disappeared quickly behind the
rock.
____ 2. Ty ran a fast race but finished third.
____ 3. The wildflowers bloomed late this year.
____ 4. The bus came to an abrupt stop.
____ 5. That maze was quite complex.
[End of Section]
What are modifiers?
Phrases
Some modifiers are word groups. For example,
phrases can be used as adjectives or adverbs.
• A prepositional phrase can be used as an
adjective or an adverb.
Prepositional phrase
The day of our class field trip was memorable.
Noun
Prepositional phrase
We rode the bus to the aquarium.
Verb
What are modifiers?
Phrases
A participial phrase can be used as an adjective.
Participial phrase
Excited about the trip, the campers boarded the bus.
Noun
Participial phrase
The man leading the hike made a wrong turn.
Noun
What are modifiers?
Phrases
• An infinitive phrase can be used as an adverb
or as an adjective.
Infinitive phrase
She traveled to Alaska to see the wildlife.
Verb
Infinitive phrase
The person to carry the flag will be Keri.
Noun
What are modifiers?
Phrases
On Your Own
Tell whether the boldfaced phrase is used as an
adjective (ADJ) or as an adverb (ADV). Also, identify
the word or words the phrase modifies.
____ 1. With a grin, Henry shook the mayor’s hand.
____ 2. This time of the year is my favorite.
____ 3. To make the circle, I need a compass.
____ 4. Exhausted from the climb, the hikers took
a rest.
[End of Section]
What are modifiers?
Clauses
Like words and phrases, clauses can also be used
as adjectives and adverbs.
An adjective clause is a subordinate clause that
modifies a noun or pronoun.
Adjective clause
Rick, who plays guard, scored nine points.
Noun
Adjective clause
Look at the poster that I bought.
Noun
What are modifiers?
Clauses
An adverb clause is a subordinate clause that
modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
Usually, an adverb clause tells something about
the action of the verb.
I eat breakfast
Verb
When?
as
Iishaven’t
because
it
the
most
if
before
I though
have
I take
enough
my time.
eaten
in days.
important
meal.
shower.
Why?
Under what condition?
How?
What are modifiers?
Clauses
On Your Own
Tell whether the boldfaced clause is used as an
adjective (ADJ) or as an adverb (ADV). Also, identify
the word or words the clause modifies.
____ 1. Dad, who is an excellent cook, has made
grilled chicken for dinner.
____ 2. As soon as I entered the room, I saw Lisa.
____ 3. My friend won a scholarship that will help
pay for college.
____ 4. I read one chapter before I fell asleep.
[End of Section]
Uses of modifiers
Modifiers with linking verbs
Use an adjective to modify the subject of a linking
verb.
Her heartbeat has become rapid.
Linking verb
The baby seems rather fussy today.
Linking verb
Uses of modifiers
Modifiers with action verbs
Use an adverb to modify an action verb.
Her heart was beating rapidly.
Action verb
The baby cried loudly when he woke up.
Action verb
Uses of modifiers
Some verbs may be used as linking verbs or as
action verbs.
Kim looked happy.
Linking verb
The adjective happy is
used after the linking
verb looked to modify the
subject Kim.
Kim looked happily at the cat.
Action verb
The adverb happily
is used to modify the
action verb looked.
Uses of modifiers
On Your Own
Most of the following sentences contain errors in the
use of modifiers. If a sentence contains an error,
correct it. If a sentence is already correct, label it C.
1. The principal’s office smelled stuffily yesterday.
2. Dawn works out with weights regular.
3. With the proper care, these flowers will grow
rapidly.
4. My sister dances beautiful and can sing too.
[End of Section]
Troublesome modifiers
Bad/Badly
Bad is an adjective.
The weather is bad today.
Tells what kind
of weather
Noun
Badly is an adverb.
I hurt my arm badly.
Verb
Tells to what extent
my arm was hurt
Troublesome modifiers
Bad/Badly
Make sure to use the adjective form, bad, after a
sense verb such as feel, look, sound, taste, or
smell, or other linking verb.
Standard
Nonstandard
This leftover chicken smells
smells badly.
bad.
Standard
Nonstandard
The engine sounds
sounds badly
to me.
me.
bad to
Troublesome modifiers
Good/Well
Good is an adjective.
Kevin is a good driver.
Noun
The soup smells good.
Noun
Do not use good to modify a verb. Instead, use
the adverb well, which means “capably.”
Standard
Nonstandard
The track team did
well at the meet.
did good
Verb
Troublesome modifiers
Good/Well
Well can also be used as an adjective meaning
“healthy.”
Chris was sick yesterday, but she is well now.
Pronoun
Troublesome modifiers
Good/Well
Notice that feel well and feel good mean different
things:
I feel good when I succeed.
happy,
pleased
Rene left school because she
didn’t feel well.
healthy
Troublesome modifiers
On Your Own
Most of the following sentences contain errors in the
use of modifiers. If a sentence contains an error,
correct it. If a sentence is already correct, label it C.
1. Our car drives bad ever since the accident.
2. Janine did good at the marathon.
3. I feel good about our chances in the tournament.
4. The burnt toast smelled badly.
[End of Section]
Review A
Tell whether the italicized modifier is used as an
adjective (ADJ) or an adverb (ADV), and tell which
word it modifies.
____ 1. After we ate, I offered to wash the dishes.
____ 2. The judge remained silent for a long time.
____ 3. The bus, which had a flat tire, was late.
____ 4. We walked to the hobby store together.
____ 5. Hiding behind the couch, the cat waited to
pounce.
Review B
If a sentence contains an error in the use of a modifier,
correct it. If a sentence is already correct, label it C.
1. Julio was smiling proud when he told us the story.
2. His model engine ran good at first.
3. Helena stayed home from school because she
wasn’t feeling good.
4. Over time, the puppies grew bold.
5. He played the trumpet bad at first, but he soon
improved.
[End of Section]
The End