Transcript Superior Sentences

Sentence Types and Components
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Nouns
Interjections
Pronouns
Preposition
Adjectives
Verbs
Adverbs
Conjunctions
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Person
◦ mother
◦ student
◦ baker
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Place
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Thing
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Concept
◦ love
◦ freedom
◦ forgiveness
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◦ Formal names of
people, buildings,
places, events,
titles, etc.
 Paris
 Dr. Spock
◦ school
◦ hospital
◦ restaurant
◦ cat
◦ book
◦ movie
Proper Nouns
[capitalize these]
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Common Nouns
◦ All other nouns
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Singular (one
noun)
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
mother
café
child
fox
church
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mothers
cafes
children
foxes
churches
Plural (More
than one
noun)
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Words that show
excitement or
emotion.
Followed by a comma
or exclamation point
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Hey
Wow
Oh
Ah
Oops
No
Hooray
Ouch
Yikes
Yes
OMG
Etc.
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Personal Pronouns
3 Voices
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2 Forms
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Words that stand in
for nouns
Types of Pronouns
◦ First person (I, we)
◦ Second person (you)
◦ Third person (he, she, it,
they)
◦ Personal
◦ Singular (I, he, she, it, you)
◦ Demonstrative (This,
◦ Plural (We, they, you)
that, these, those)
 4 Cases
◦ Indefinite (anyone,
◦ Nominative (Subject case)
one, someone, etc.)
◦ Objective (Object case)
◦ Relative (That, Who ,
Which)
◦ Possessive (Ownership)
◦ Interrogative (Who,
◦ Reflexive (-self)
Which, What)
◦ Reciprocal (Each
other, One another)
aboard
about
above
across
after
against
along
amid
among
anti
around
as
at
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
besides
between
beyond
but
concerning
considering
despite
down
during
except
excepting
excluding
following
for
from
in
inside
into
like
minus
near
of
off
on
onto
opposite
outside
over
past
per
plus
regarding
round
save
since
than
through
to
toward
towards
under
underneath
unlike
until
up
upon
versus
via
with
within
without
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Adjective Categories
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Degrees of Adjectives
Words that describe
nouns
Answers: How many?
What kind? Which?
Adjective suffixes
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◦
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◦
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-ible, -able
-ful
-al
-ic
-ive
-less
-ous
◦ Determiners (articles
and demonstrative
pronouns)
◦ Observations
◦ Size sand Shapes
◦ Ages
◦ Colors
◦ Origins
◦ Materials
◦ Qualifiers
◦ Possessives (pronouns)
◦ Articles [a, an, the]
◦ Positive [good]
◦ Comparative [better]
◦ Superlative [best]
Verb tenses
 Present
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3 types
◦ Active [show action]
◦ Linking [show being]
◦ Helping [show tense]
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◦ Simple [walk, walks]
◦ Perfect [have walked]
◦ Progressive [is walking]
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◦ Simple [walked]
◦ Perfect [had walked]
◦ Progressive [was
walking]
2 Roles
◦ Transitive (with object)
◦ Intransitive (without
object)
Past
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Future
◦ Simple [will walk]
◦ Perfect [will have
walked]
◦ Progressive [will be
walking]
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Describe an action
or an adjective
Answer: How?
Where? When?
Kinds of adverbs
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◦
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Time [now]
Manner [slowly]
Place [there]
Frequency [often]
Purpose [to -]
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Adverb suffix – ly
Degrees of Adverbs
◦ Positive [happily]
◦ Comparative [more
happily]
◦ Superlative [most
happily]
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Connect words,
phrases, clauses,
and ideas
3 kinds
◦ Coordinating
 [for, and, nor, but, or,
yet, so]
◦ Correlative
Subordinating
TIME
CAUSE +
EFFECT
OPPOSITION CONDITION
after
because
although if
before
since
though
when
now that even
though
as
whereas
while
 [both...and, not
since
only...but, also,
either...or, neither...nor,
until
whether...or]
in order
that
so
while
unless
only if
whether
or not
even if
in case
(that)
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Declarative – makes a statement
◦ The grass is green.
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Interrogative – asks a question
◦ How long is that grass?
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Imperative – gives a command
◦ Mow the grass.
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Exclamatory – makes an exclamation
◦ I am not mowing the grass no matter what!
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The subject is the person or thing performing the
action in the sentence and all of the words that
modify that actor.
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The subject controls the agreement of verbs and
pronouns.
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Nouns, pronouns, and gerunds (-ing verbs acting
like nouns) can be subjects.
 Wolves eat rabbits.
 Swimming is fun.
 I am tired today.
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The predicate is the action or state of the
actor or subject of the sentence.
Objects and verbs (and any phrases
describing them) together make up the
predicate.
 Wolves eat rabbits.
 Swimming is fun.
 I am tired today.
Direct Object
 The thing receiving
the action
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◦ In sentences with
linking verbs
◦ The car hit the tree.
◦ I baked a cake.
Indirect Object
 To or for whom the
action is done
◦ I baked my dad a
cake.
Predicate Nominative
[noun]
 Dad is home.
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Predicate Adjective
◦ In sentences with
linking verbs
 Dad is happy.
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Prepositional Phrases [begin with a
preposition and end in a noun, may modify
the subject or the predicate.]
 (In the beginning), one (of my ancestors) was the
Shaman (of the tribe).
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Adverbial Phrases [modify a verb]
◦ The rain dripped (in a fretful pattern) [all day].
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Adjective Phrases [modify a noun]
◦ [The sometimes-mysterious] girl became my friend.
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All clauses have a
subject and a
predicate
Independent Clauses
◦ Could stand alone as a
sentence or be
combined with other
clauses.
Dependent Clauses
 Because I love ice cream
[Dependent]
 Cats can scream loudly
[Independent]
 While the dogs barked
[Dependent]
 When the wind blows
[Dependent]
◦ Begin with a
 The storm rages [Independent]
subordinating
conjunction, so they
cannot stand alone as a
sentence.
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Have one subject and one predicate
◦ Wild horses have been seen on that island.
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Sometimes the predicate is compound (in 2
parts)
◦ The wild horses on the island roam free and live
happy, albeit difficult, lives.
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Sometimes the subject is compound (in 2
parts)
◦ The wild horses and cougars lived peacefully
together.
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Are made up of 2 independent clauses joined
by a coordinating conjunction and a comma.
Compound sentences have 2 subjects and 2
predicates
◦ The wild horses nearly starved, but the cougars
thrived that winter.
◦ Sometimes I bike to school, and you pass me by on
your motorcycle.
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Have [dependent clause] connected to an
independent clause by a comma.
◦ [After the party ended], my friends spent the night
at my house.
◦ The weekend at the lake relaxed me, [although I
had to work].
◦ The kids need to go to bed, [whether or not they
want to], no later than 8:00 p.m.
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Have 2 independent clauses and a dependent
clause, so there are 3 subject with 3
predicates.
◦ [Though Annie prefers watching mystery films], she
rented the latest romantic comedy, and she enjoyed
it very much.
◦ Mary forgot her friend's birthday, so she sent her a
card [when she finally remembered].
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Specific subjects
Active verbs (predicate)
Vary sentence structures
Avoid wordiness
Avoid vague words