Transcript Independent and dependent clauses.

INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT CLAUSES
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Today I will distinguish between independent and
dependent clauses
I will be able to write an analogy for independent
and dependent clauses.
I will be able to write and punctuate complex
sentences correctly.
WHY ARE WE GOING OVER THIS?
 Too many of you have included sentence fragments in your
writing. In other words, you are not using complete
sentences!
A RELATED GROUP OF WORDS WITH A SUBJECT AND
PREDICATE IS CALLED A CLAUSE.
A clause that makes sense by itself is an
independent clause.
A clause that does not make sense by
itself is a dependent clause.
A complex sentence contains an
independent and dependent clause.
THE CLAUSE:
 Clauses ALWAYS have subjects and verbs
 Clauses are categorized into 2 groups:
 Independent (AKA main)
 Dependent (AKA subordinate)
 The independent clause can stand alone as a complete
sentence or thought (not a fragment)
 The dependent clause CANNOT stand alone; it has a
subject and verb, but is a fragment and DEPENDS on a
main clause to make sense
AN ANALOGY TO HELP:
Think of the Main Clause as a manager.
Think of the Subordinate Clauses as workers.
The Subordinates cannot do the work without the
Manager’s approval (otherwise, chaos ensues).
Thus, any subordinate clause always needs a main
clause to manage them.
OR IF THAT DIDN’T MAKE SENSE TO YOU,
TRY THIS ONE:
 The independent clause can be thought of as a parent.
 Whereas the dependent (subordinate) clauses can be thought of as the
children.
 Hence, the children depend on the parents’ approval to do
anything.
REFLECTION…
Can you think of another analogy that would
work for independent and dependent
clauses?
A RELATED GROUP OF WORDS WITH A
SUBJECT AND PREDICATE IS CALLED A
CLAUSE.
A complex sentence contains an
independent and dependent clause.
Independent clause
Native Americans lived on the island until
they were attacked.
Dependent clause
HERE’S A TRICK!
You can check to see if a clauses is independent or
dependent by using this following trick:
At the beginning of the clause in question, add “It is
possible that”
IT’S POSSIBLE THAT
 Example:
Grew up in Palm Desert
I am your 7th grade student this year at
TMS.
Also to see what your personality was
For example running, playing, jumping.
Are any of these independent clauses?
WRITE I OR D FOR INDEPENDENT
OR DEPENDENT CLAUSE.
1. if you live on an island______
2. the tides affect your life______
3. the water level rises_____
4. when the tide comes in_____
5. much of the beach disappears under
water_____
6. until the tide goes out_____
IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES,
IDENTIFY THE INDEPENDENT AND
DEPENDENT CLAUSES.
 Although it was located next to a school, the Radiac Research
Corporation was storing large amounts of medical waste.
 Cleopatra lived in ancient Egypt, which she
ruled.
 When a crowd gathered for a public rally, the teens told the people
about Radiac.
 Billy fell in the sewer on a neighborhood street as he was playing on a
Saturday afternoon.
FURTHERMORE,
How do I punctuate two independent clauses that
are closely related?
USE A SEMICOLON! Or a period.
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE:
 I need new school clothes. I will go to the mall.
 Because these sentences (independent clauses) are closely
related, they can be joined with a semi-colon:
 I need new school clothes ; I will go to the mall.
IF YOU START A SENTENCE WITH A
DEPENDENT CLAUSE, USE A COMMA
BEFORE THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE.
 USE A COMMA!
Because I don’t have a car, I can’t go off campus for lunch today.
 ***If the dependent clause appears after the independent clause, you
don’t need any punctuation! Whoo hoo!
I can’t go off campus today for lunch because I don’t have a car.
 Whenever you begin a sentence with a subordinating
conjunction, use a comma.
Subject predicate
Subject predicate
 My cell phone rang in class. I answered it.
Dependent clause
 Because my cell phone rang in class
Independent clause
,
I answered it.
 My cell phone rang in class; I answered it.
Either way, rather than write two boring sentences punctuated with a
period, you can now choose two different ways to write this sentence
more effectively by using a more complex structure.
ALSO, HERE ARE SOME WORDS
THAT TRIGGER THE ENTRANCE OF
A DEPENDENT CLAUSE:
Because
When Though
Unless
Whenever
While
As long as
As soon as
In order that
If
Since
Although
After
As
As if
Before
So that
Until
Subordinating
conjunctions
TASK- WHAT’S COOKING?
 Write one sentence for each following sentence
recipe:
 Recipe #1: Two independent clauses closely related
 Recipe #2: Complex sentence starting with a
dependent clause (use your list of trigger words)
 Recipe #3: Complex sentence ending with a dependent
clause.
 Finally, write an analogy for independent and
dependent clauses. Be sure to draw a picture to go
with it!