Transcript File

The
Elizabethan
Era
The City of London
• In the 17th century, there were more than half a
million people in London.
• London is divided into two parts by the River
Thames (pronounced Tems), the North bank and
the South bank.
• Back in Elizabethan times, the Thames was a
main transportation route in the city and
throughout the country.
• The Thames was filthy. There was no sewage system
so everything went into the river.
• The river was used to transport commercial goods.
• The only way to cross was by boat or on London
Bridge.
• Prisoners were sometimes tied to the side of the
river instead of being placed in jail.
• Criminals sentenced to death often had their severed
heads showcased on London Bridge.
• Streets were cobbled, narrow, and
slippery because of the waste
thrown out of windows.
• The city was known for being very
loud.
• Houses were small and crammed.
• Lots of theft occurred.
• Still considered one of the
prettiest, most modern cities of
its’ time.
• But life was quite different for the
upper classes…
So why do we call it the
Elizabethan Era?
Because of Queen Elizabeth I!
The Queen
• Queen Elizabeth I was born in 1533 and died in 1603.
Her father was King Henry VIII. Elizabeth became
queen in 1558 when her sister, Mary died.
• When she became queen, Elizabeth had to fix many
problems. Catholics and Protestants were fighting in
England. Elizabeth supported the Protestants and
fixed the problem (kind of).
• Elizabeth I was very powerful. She never married,
maybe because she did not want to lose any of her
power.
• Under Elizabeth’s reign, Sir Francis Drake
defeated the Spanish Armada (the world’s
strongest army at the time).
Court Life
• The Queen owned over
60 palaces and castles.
When she traveled, nearly
1000 nobles would follow
her. This was called
“being in court.”
• The Queen moved around
every few weeks.
• There were many weird
rules for court life, such as
the Queen’s head had to
be higher than everyone
else’s and one could not
turn his/her back on the
Queen.
• Even with all the rules,
people had fun in court.
• There were daily events in
court, such as jousting,
plays, hunting, and
dances.
Religion
• Henry VIII (Elizabeth’s
father) wanted to
divorce his first wife,
but the Catholic
church would not
allow it.
• So, he separated from
Catholicism and
started the Church of
England, a Protestant
Christian religion.
• When Henry VIII died, his son Edward VI took
over and maintained the Anglican Church.
• When Edward VI died, his sister Mary I took the
throne. She brought back Catholicism as the main
religion.
• When Mary I died, her sister
Elizabeth I became the queen.
Elizabeth brought back the
Church of England.
• Because of all the changes, the
religious situation was very
tense.
• Elizabeth made it illegal to
practice the Catholic faith, but
20 years earlier, almost
everyone was Catholic.
Education
• Only boys went to
school. Usually only
until 14 years of age.
• Wealthy girls were
usually only taught
reading and arithmetic
at home.
• Learning Latin was the
most important thing.
• Spelling was not taught.
Careers
• Around this time, the
middle, merchant class
began to appear.
• People who were not
nobles or farmers
generally learned a skill.
• If your parents wanted you
to learn a skill, you would
be given away as an
apprentice. Boys were
apprentices until age 24,
girls until age 21.
• Blacksmithing was a popular career.
• The youngest son of a family was supposed to
become a priest or religious man of some sort,
the eldest inherited the family trade.
Exploration
• Sir Francis Drake led the first English
circumnavigation around the world, from
1577-1588.
• Drake was pretty much a pirate. He would
capture ships from other countries, steal their
money and food, and kill their crews.
Migration
• Because people wanted to
make money as merchants,
many people moved away
from the country into
London and other big
cities.
• This made the cities very
overcrowded.
• London’s population
nearly doubled from 1500
to 1700.
Entertainment
• The Elizabethan people loved
art and entertainment.
• Artists often had patrons: rich
nobles who would pay for their
expenses in exchange for
artistic works.
• So many new works were
created, that the era gained the
nickname of the English
Renaissance (rebirth).
• Painting and music were two of
the most popular types of art.
Poetry was also very highly
considered.
• BUT……..
THEATRE!
• Going to the theatre was
the most popular pastime
of the Elizabethan people.
It was cheap (1 penny!)
and the poor and nobles
would all go.
• There was no seating in
the middle, and the roof
was open.
• Nobles paid for more
expensive seats on the
edges of the theatre.
• The Queen had her own
booth.
• The theatres were
often shut down
because of disease.
• Only men could act, so
young boys played the
role of women.
The Globe Theatre
• Was the most popular theatre in London.
• Built by Shakespeare’s acting company, The
Lord Chamberlain’s Men in 1599.
• Burned down in 1613.
Speaking
Shakespeare
Words to know
ADIEU - farewell
ANON - soon
ATTEND - listen to
BUT SOFT - wait a minute, hold on
BUT - only, except for
COUNSEL - advice
DISPATCH - kill
DOTH - does
FOE - enemy
HAPPY - lucky
HEAVY - sad, depressed
HENCE - away from here
HIE, GO - hurry
HITHER - here
MARK - pay attention
MARRY - indeed
METHINKS - I think
NOUGHT - nothing
PLAGUE - curse
PRAY - beg
PRIVY - allowed to know a secret
RESOLVE - plan
THITHER - there
THOU ART - you are
THY - your
TIDINGS - news
WHENCE - where
WHEREFORE - why
WILT - will, will you
WITHAL - in addition
WOE - misery
WOO - chase, as in a boy or girl chase
WOULD - wish
Inverted verb order
Shakespeare often rearranges subjects and
verbs (i.e., instead of "He goes" we find "Goes
he"); he frequently places the object before
the subject and verb (i.e., instead of "I hit
him," we might find "Him I hit"), and he puts
adverbs and adverbial phrases before the
subject and verb (i.e., “I hit fairly” becomes
“Fairly I hit”).
Look at the following sentence. Rewrite the sentence four
times, changing the word order each time. Put one word on
each blank provided below the original sentence.
Original Sentence: I lost my homework.
My
homework
lost
I
Rewrite #1: _________ _________ _________ _________.
My
homework
I
lost
Rewrite #2: _________
_________
_________
_________.
Lost
my
homework
I
Rewrite #3: _________
_________
_________
_________.
Lost
I
my
homework
Rewrite #4: _________
_________
_________
_________.
Your turn:
• “For this time, I will leave you.”
• “Brought you Caesar home?”
• “And fearful, as these strange eruptions are”
• Now, create at least 3 original sentences using
this kind of syntax (word order).
Omissions
• Which sounds more like the way you normally
speak:
• a) "Have you been to class yet?"
"No, I have not been to class. I heard that Ms.
Raposo is giving a test today."
"What is up with that?"
• b) "Been to class yet?"
"No. Heard Raposo's givin' a test."
"Wassup wi'that?"
• Shakespeare did the same thing, so his plays
sounded more authentic to the audience. This
was also done to maintain the meter in his plays.
• Examples:
'tis - it is
o'er - over
ne'er - never
e'er - ever
oft - often
e'en - even
Shakespeare is
known for having
invented many
words…
• Nouns:
accused, addiction, alligator, amazement, anchovies, assassination, backing,
bandit, bedroom, bump, buzzers, courtship, critic, dauntless, dawn, design,
dickens, discontent, embrace, employer, engagements, excitements,
exposure, eyeball, fixture, futurity, glow, gust, hint, immediacy, investments,
kickshaws, leapfrog, luggage, manager, mimic, misgiving, mountaineer, ode,
outbreak, pageantry, pedant, perusal, questioning, reinforcement,
retirement, roadway, rumination, savagery, scuffles, shudders, switch,
tardiness, transcendence, urging, watchdog, wormhole, zany
• Verbs:
besmirch, bet, blanket, cake, cater, champion, compromise, cow, denote,
deracinate, dialogue, dislocate, divest, drug, dwindle, elbow, enmesh, film,
forward, gossip, grovel, hobnob, humour, hurry, impedes, jet, jig, label, lapse,
lower, misquote, negotiate, numb, pander, partner, petition, puke, rant,
reword, secure, submerge, swagger, torture, unclog
• Adjectives:
aerial, auspicious, baseless, beached, bloodstained, blushing, circumstantial,
consanguineous, deafening, disgraceful, domineering, enrapt, epileptic,
equivocal, eventful, fashionable, foregone, frugal, generous, gloomy, gnarled,
hush, inaudible, invulnerable, jaded, juiced, lackluster, laughable, lonely,
lustrous, madcap, majestic, marketable, monumental, nervy, noiseless,
obscene, olympian, premeditated, promethean, quarrelsome, radiance,
rancorous, reclusive, remorseless, rival, sacrificial, sanctimonious,
softhearted, splitting, stealthy, traditional, tranquil, unmitigated, unreal,
varied, vaulting, viewless, widowed, worthless, yelping
• Adverbs:
importantly, instinctively, obsequiously, threateningly, tightly, trippingly,
unaware
He invented many phrases we still use today…
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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All that glitters is not gold (The Merchant of Venice)
All's well that ends well (title)
In a better world than this (As You Like It)
Brave new world (The Tempest)
Break the ice (The Taming of the Shrew)
Dead as a doornail (2 Henry VI)
Heart of gold (Henry V)
In a pickle (The Tempest)
Knock knock! Who's there? (Macbeth)
Love is blind (Merchant of Venice)
Own flesh and blood (Hamlet)
Shakespeare loved puns
• A pun is a clever play on words. Usually uses a word
with 2 different meanings or words that sound the
same but are spelled differently.
• Jokes often use puns:
• Q: What kind of knots do you tie in outer space?
A: Astronauts.
Q: Where do fish keep their money?
A: In a river bank.
The butcher backed up into the meat grinder and got a
little behind in his work.
Examples in Shakespeare:
• ROMEO Not I, believe me: you have dancing shoes
With nimble soles: I have a soul of lead
Romeo speaks to Mercutio: he has a soul of lead (he's sad)
so he has soles of lead (heavy feet).
MERCUTIO That dreamers often lie.
ROMEO In bed asleep, while they do dream things true.
Dreamers lie (are false), and lie (down)
MERCUTIO You are a lover; borrow Cupid's wings,
And soar with them above a common bound.
ROMEO I am too sore enpierced with his shaft
Soar/sore : hurt/fly
Shakespeare loved insulting people
• A most notable coward, an infinite and endless liar, an
hourly promise breaker, the owner of no one good
quality. (All’s Well That Ends Well)
• Methink'st thou art a general offence and every man
should beat thee. (All’s Well That Ends Well)
• 'Sblood, you starveling, you elf-skin, you dried neat's
tongue, you bull's pizzle, you stock-fish! O for breath to
utter what is like thee! you tailor's-yard, you sheath,
you bowcase; you vile standing-tuck! (Henry IV)
• I had rather chop this hand off at a blow,
And with the other fling it at thy face. (Henry VI)
Artless
Bawdy
beslubbering
Bootless
churlish
cockered
clouted
craven
Currish
dankish
dissembling
droning
errant
fawning
fobbing
froward
frothy
gleeking
Goatish
gorbellied
impertinent
infectious
jarring
loggerheaded
Lumpish
base-court
bat-fowling
beef-witted
beetle-headed
boil-brained
clapper-clawed
clay-brained
common-kissing
crook-pated
dismal-dreaming
dizzy-eyed
doghearted
dread-bolted
earth-vexing
elf-skinned
fat-kidneyed
fen-sucked
flap-mouthed
fly-bitten
folly-fallen
fool-born
full-gorged
guts-griping
half-faced
hasty-witted
apple-john
baggage
barnacle
bladder
boar-pig
bugbear
bum-bailey
canker-blossom
clack-dish
clotpole
coxcomb
codpiece
death-token
dewberry
flap-dragon
flax-wench
flirt-gill
foot-licker
fustilarian
giglet
gudgeon
haggard
harpy
hedge-pig
horn-beast
mammering
mangled
mewling
Paunchy
pribbling
puking
puny
Quailing
rank
Reeky
roguish
Ruttish
saucy
spleeny
spongy
surly
Tottering
unmuzzled
vain
Venomed
villainous
warped
wayward
weedy
yeasty
hedge-born
hell-hated
idle-headed
ill-breeding
ill-nurtured
knotty-pated
milk-livered
motley-minded
onion-eyed
plume-plucked
pottle-deep
pox-marked
reeling-ripe
rough-hewn
rude-growing
rump-fed
shard-borne
sheep-biting
spur-galled
swag-bellied
tardy-gaited
tickle-brained
toad-spotted
unchin-snouted
weather-bitten
hugger-mugger
jolthead
lewdster
lout
maggot-pie
malt-worm
mammet
measle
minnow
miscreant
moldwarp
mumble-news
nut-hook
pigeon-egg
pignut
puttock
pumpion
ratsbane
scut
skainsmate
strumpet
varlot
vassal
whey-face
wagtail