Transcript Astronomy: The original Science

ASTRONOMY: THE ORIGINAL SCIENCE
Unit 6: Sixth Grade
IMAGINE THAT IT’S 5,000 YEARS AGO, AND YOU
ARE ALIVE….
• Clocks and modern calendars have not yet been
invented…
• How would you know what time it is????
• How would you know that your birthday is just a week
away???
ONE WAY TO TELL THE PASSAGE OF TIME IS TO STUDY THE
MOVEMENT OF THE STARS, PLANETS AND THE MOON
• People in ancient
cultures used the
seasonal cycles of the
stars, the planets, and
the moon to plan when
to plant and harvest
crops, when it would
be safe to travel, and to
explain nature
OUR MODERN CALENDAR
• Although ancient cultures did not fully understand how the planets, moon and
stars move in relation to each other, their observations led to the first
calendars.
• The months and days of our modern calendar are based on the observations
of bodies in our solar system.
• A year is the amount of time it takes for the Earth to revolve once around the
sun
• A month is roughly the amount of time it takes for the moon to revolve around
the Earth.
• The word month comes from the word moon
• A day is the time required for the Earth to rotate once on its axis
• The names of our days of the week come from the names of planets
Astronomy is the study of the
universe
EARLY ASTRONOMERS
• Studying the movement of
objects in the sky was so
important to these ancient
cultures that they built
observatories to better see
them
• Over time, this study of the
night sky became the
science of astronomy
EARLY ASTRONOMERS
• Early astronomical views have given us much more than our modern
calendar!
• The careful observations and work by the early astronomers helped people
understand their place in the universe.
• Almost everything the early astronomers knew about the universe came from
what they saw with their own eyes, discussed with other people and decided
in their own minds.
• Not surprisingly, most early astronomers thought that our entire universe
consisted of our earth, the sun and the moon, and though the stars were
the edge of the universe.
• In fact, the earliest astronomers, such as Ptolemy and Tycho Brahe
believed in a Geocentric model of our solar system
THE GEOCENTRIC MODEL OF OUR SOLAR
SYSTEM
•
The geocentric model of the universe,
as developed by Ptolemy, a Greek
astronomer, is the belief that the Earth
is the center of our solar system, and
the other planets, the Sun and the
Moon all revolved around us.
•
For over 1,500 years Ptolemy’s model
of Geocentrism was the most popular
belief for how our solar system was
structured.
THE GEOCENTRIC MODEL OF OUR SOLAR
SYSTEM
•
Although it goes against what we have
been taught and believe to be true,
there is some evidence that supports
the geocentric model;
•
It appears as if all objects in space fall
to Earth
•
We can’t feel the Earth moving, so we
must be fixed and the Sun is orbiting
us.
•
The stars appear to be moving, and
the Sun is a star
HELIOCENTRIC MODEL OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
•
In 1543, Copernicus, a Polish
astronomer published a controversial
new theory: Heliocentrism
•
Heliocentrism is the belief that the Sun
is the center of the solar system and
that not only are the other planets and
their moons are revolving around it,
but that we (the Earth) and our moon
are revolving around the sun as well!
•
This was not widely accepted at first,
and it took MANY years for his beliefs
to be accepted.
NEW TECHNOLOGY, NEW IDEAS
•
In 1609, Copernicus’s theory of a suncentered solar system started to gain
support due to Galileo’s development of
the telescope.
•
Now astronomers did not have to rely on
the observations made with the naked
eye.
•
Telescopes allowed them to see further
and further into the sky and to make new
observations that would support
Copernicus.
•
And then, 200 years ago, Newton’s
Laws of Gravitation were developed and
unequivocally proven.
•
Gravity works on all objects equally
•
The larger the mass = stronger the
gravitational field
HELIOCENTRIC MODEL OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
•
This new technology and new ideas
gave evidence that support the
heliocentric model.
•
The Sun is enormous, which means it
has a greater gravitational pull
•
Stellar Aberrations: the apparent
movement of the stars was actually
due to our movement.
•
Over 300 other planets have been
observed orbiting a star, but not one
star has ever been observed orbiting a
planet.
MODERN ASTRONOMY
•
The most significant discoveries in the
development of modern astronomy
were the telescope (Galileo) and the
description of gravity (Newton).
•
In the 200 years after Newton’s laws of
gravity were discovered and
developed, scientists made many
discoveries in our solar system.
•
But in the 1920’s an even more
exciting discovery was made: we are
not the only galaxy in the universe!
BEYOND THE EDGE OF THE MILKY WAY
•
Before the 1920’s many astronomers
thought that our galaxy, the Milky Way,
included every object in space.
•
In 1924, Edwin Hubble made
observations and collected data that
proved that other galaxies existed
beyond the edge of our galaxy.
•
Today, larger and better telescopes on
the Earth and in space, study space.
•
We are continuing to learn about the
universe and all that it contains
through the use of these telescopes,
computers and data.
ASSIGNMENT: GEOCENTRIC/HELIOCENTRIC
DEBATE
EQ: How does the model of our solar system different from past models?
THE PAST
•
Almost everything the early astronomers knew about the universe came from what they
saw with their own eyes, discussed with other people and decided in their own minds.
•
Not surprisingly, most early astronomers thought that our entire universe consisted of our
earth, the sun and the moon, and though the stars were the edge of the universe.
•
In fact, the earliest astronomers, such as Ptolemy and Tycho Brahe believed in a
Geocentric model of our solar system
•
The geocentric model of the universe, as developed by Ptolemy, a Greek astronomer, is
the belief that the Earth is the center of our solar system, and the other planets, the Sun
and the Moon all revolved around us.
•
For over 1,500 years Ptolemy’s model of Geocentrism was the most popular belief for how
our solar system was structured.
EVIDENCE FOR GEOCENTRISM
•
It appears as if all objects in space fall
to Earth
•
We can’t feel the Earth moving, so we
must be fixed and the Sun is orbiting
us.
•
The stars appear to be moving, and
the Sun is a star
THE NEW IDEA …
•
In 1543, Copernicus, a Polish
astronomer published a controversial
new theory: Heliocentrism
•
Heliocentrism is the belief that the Sun
is the center of the solar system and
that not only are the other planets and
their moons are revolving around it,
but that we (the Earth) and our moon
are revolving around the sun as well!
•
This was not widely accepted at first,
and it took MANY years for his beliefs
to be accepted.
NEW TECHNOLOGY, NEW IDEAS
•
In 1609, Copernicus’s theory of a sun-centered solar system started to gain support due
to Galileo’s development of the telescope.
•
Now astronomers did not have to rely on the observations made with the naked eye.
•
Telescopes allowed them to see further and further into the sky and to make new
observations that would support Copernicus.
•
And then, 200 years ago, Newton’s Laws of Gravitation were developed and
unequivocally proven.
• Gravity works on all objects equally
• The larger the mass = stronger the gravitational field
•
This new technology and new ideas gave evidence that support the heliocentric model.
HELICENTRIC EVIDENCE
•
The Sun is enormous, which means it
has a greater gravitational pull
•
Stellar Aberrations: the apparent
movement of the stars was actually
due to our movement.
•
Over 300 other planets have been
observed orbiting a star, but not one
star has ever been observed orbiting a
planet.
TODAY’S ASSIGNMENT
•
Today we will be comparing the geocentric theory of the solar system the heliocentric
theory of the solar system
•
It is for a classwork grade
•
Two components:
• Written work
• Collaborative poster
•
You will be assigned to support either the geocentric theory or the heliocentric theory
• Do not let your personal opinions get in the way.
• Use the evidence provided to prove your point
TODAY’S ASSIGNMENT
•
You will be given a sheet to fill out asking for general information about your theory.
•
Use #5: Astronomy and the anchor notes to assist you as you work
•
Then, as a group, create a collaborative poster to draw and highlight the evidence that
supports your theory.
•
Be prepared with points that would disprove the other theory
•
At 11:08 (3 rd period) and 12:37 (4 th period) we will debate the two theories.
3RD PERIOD GROUPS
Geocentric
•
•
•
•
Group G-1 (Table 4)
•
Nurah
•
Sydney
•
Abbie
•
Abby E
Heliocentric
•
Group G-2 (Table 5)
•
Group H-1 (Table 1)
•
Jacob T.
•
Jake
•
Ian
•
Christian
Group H-2 (Table 2)
•
Chris M
•
Jase
•
Jocelynne
•
Theus
•
Danielle
•
Alexa
Group G-3 (Table 6)
•
KJ
•
Holly
•
Brooke
•
Ashlyn
Group G-4 (Table 7)
•
Kyler
•
Georgiana
•
Logan
•
Group H-3 (Table 3)
•
Brody
•
Tristan
•
Alex
•
Ethealn
4TH PERIOD GROUPS
Geocentric
•
•
•
Group G-1 (Table 5)
Heliocentric
•
Group H-1(Table 1)
•
Chandler
•
Caleb
•
Isaiah
•
Conner
•
Wyatt
•
Colby
Group G-2 (Table 6)
•
Group H-2 (Table 2)
•
Jared
•
Taylor
•
Chase
•
Kera
•
Trenton
•
Ciara
•
Kade
•
Natalie
Group G-3 (Table 7)
•
Group H-3 (Table 3)
•
Avery
•
Emma
•
Alyssa
•
Taaliyah
•
Jayden
•
Kathy