Transcript Grammar Overview II

Grammar Overview II
Tenses, Voice, Subject-Verb
Agreement
Tenses
•
There are 3 types of tenses:
1. Present
2. Past
3. Future
•
Formal Writing Tense
Present Tense
• Present Tense:
– The verb form is the same as the verb’s base
form, except for the third-person singular (add
–s or –es).
– Exceptions are “be” and “have.”
– There is a constant or repeated action.
– Also, the present tense can express an action
that exists right now.
Present Tense
• Examples (Singular):
– Paint-
• Examples (Plural):
– Paint-
• First Person: I paint.
• Second Person: You paint.
• Third Person: She paints.
• Be-
• First Person: We paint.
• Second Person: You paint.
• Third Person: They paint.
• Be• First Person: I am
honest.
• Second Person: You
are honest.
• Third Person: He is
honest.
• First Person: We are
honest.
• Second Person: You are
honest.
• Third Person: They are
honest.
Present Tense
• Examples:
– Molly puts ketchup on chicken sandwiches. (not just
this sandwich but every chicken sandwich; a repeated
action)
– Sarah has a headache. (not always but just now)
– The fireplace wall feels dangerously hot (right now)
Past Tense
• Past Tense:
– Express an action or condition that was
started and completed in the past.
– Almost all regular and irregular verbs (except
“be”) have 1 past tense form.
– However, “be” has 2 = “was” and “were.”
Past Tense
• Examples (Singular):
– Be• First Person: I was
glad.
• Second Person: You
were glad.
• Third Person: He was
glad.
• Examples (Plural):
– Be• First Person: We were
glad.
• Second Person: You
were glad.
• Third Person: The boys
were glad.
Future Tense
• Future Tense:
– Expresses an action or a condition that will
occur in the future.
– Use the future tense of any verb by using
“shall” or “will” with the base form.
Future Tense
•
Future Tense:
1. Use “going to” with the present tense of “be”
and the base form of a verb.
•
Rick is going to unmask the painting.
2. Use “about to” with the present tense of “be”
and the base form of a verb.
•
Rick is about to unmask the painting.
3. Use the present tense with an adverb that
shows future time.
•
Rick paints the room tomorrow.
Practice- Tenses
Identify the italicized verb tense by writing either present, past, future.
This will be collected.
1. The slow turning of the ceiling fan cools the
room almost as well as an air conditioner.
2. Gerry ran down the sidewalk to greet his dad.
3. With courage and pride, John Hancock signed
the Declaration of Independence.
4. I like to watch baseball on television.
5. In August we will kayak down the Colorado
River.
6. Tomorrow Dominic will meet his match.
Practice- Tenses (Answer)
1. Present
2. Past
3. Past
4. Present
5. Future
6. Future
Voice
• Active
– The verb is active
when its subject
performs the action.
– Example:
• The new student threw
a wicked curveball.
• Passive
– The verb is active
when its action is
performed on the
subject.
– Example:
• A wicked curveball was
thrown by the new
student.
Voice- Active
• The active voice is stronger than passive.
• Formal Writing
• Example:
– The student raised her hand to answer the question.
– The dog chased after the ball.
– Steve bet Dave to crawl under the porch.
Voice- Passive
• To form the passive voice, you use “be” with the
past participle of the verb. The tense of the
passive verb depends on the tense of the verb
“be.”
• Examples:
– The gift is wrapped in pretty paper. (present tense,
passive voice)
– The gift was wrapped in pretty paper. (past tense,
passive voice)
– The gift will be wrapped in pretty paper. (future
tense, passive voice)
Voice- Active and Passive
•
To change something passive to active:
1. Find the verb.
2. Who or what is performing the verb?
•
Usually a noun or pronoun following the passive voice verb.
3. Rewrite the sentence by using this noun or pronoun as the
subject.
•
Example: Shakespeare is inspired by Viola.
1. What is the verb? Inspired.
2. Who is performing the action of inspiring? Viola.
3. Active: Viola inspires Shakespeare.
Practice- Voice
Rewrite the following sentences– change the active to passive, and passive
to active. Write this under the Tense Practice. This will be collected.
1. Ice cream cones were invented by a street
vendor.
2. The vase was broken by my butterfingered
brother.
3. Rain pelted the forest in a steady downpour.
4. Lisa met Larry at the bus station.
Practice- Voice (Answers)
1. A street vendor invented the ice cream cones.
(Passive to Active)
2. My butterfingered brother broke the vase.
(Passive to Active)
3. Rain was pelting the forest in a steady
downpour. (Active to Passive)
4. Lisa did meet Larry at the bus station in town.
(Active to Passive)
Subject-Verb Agreement
• The verb must agree with the subject in
number (i.e. singular or plural).
• If singular, then most regular verbs has –s
or –es added.
• The exception is “I” and “you” because
both can take the plural form of a verb,
even if it refers to one person.
• Also, the exception is “be” when the “I” is
the subject and “am” is the verb form.
Subject-Verb Agreement
• Examples:
–
–
–
–
The author writes. (singular)
The authors write. (plural)
The champion boxes. (singular)
The champions box. (plural)
Practice- Subject-Verb Agreement
Write the correct verb from the choices in the parentheses. This will be
collected.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
He (goes, go) to the park at least twice a week.
My earrings (is, are) silver and turquoise.
The plants (leans, lean) toward the light.
You (has, have) not seen anything, yet!
Flutes (plays, play) beautiful music.
Children (waits, wait) at the corner for the
school bus.
7. (Does, Do) the hamster need to be fed?
Practice- Subject-Verb Agreement
(Answers)
1. Goes
2. Are
3. Lean
4. Have
5. Play
6. Wait
7. Does