Transcript I. Word Study

Lesson 7—The Rivals
Part Four
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ENTER
Lesson 7—The Rivals
Language Study
I. Word Study
II. Phrases and Expressions
III.Word Building
IV. Grammar
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
Word list:
1. arouse
7.
humiliating
13. resume
2. associate
8.
infringe
14. sense
3. confess
9.
languid
15. sharp
4. detach
10. line
16. snap
5. fallacy
11. provoke
17 tact
6. heighten
12. reflect
18. tempt
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
Synonyms
1. arouse
Collocations:
arouse interest
引起兴趣
arouse expectation
引起期望
arouse anger
激起愤怒
arouse fear
引起恐惧
Example:
The music aroused an intense feeling of
homesick in him.
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stimulate
provoke
produce
stir
Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
Synonyms
2. associate
v. to join or connect
n. someone who you work or do business
with
Example:
We naturally associate the name of Darwin
with the doctrine of evolution.
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To be continued on the next page.
connect
unite
subordinate
secondary
junior
vice-
Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
Collocations of “associate”
business associate
生意伙伴
crime associate
共犯
associate member
准会员
associate director
副主任
associate professor
副教授
associate head
副主管
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
3. confess
v. to admit that you have done something
wrong, or illegal
Examples:
Edwards confessed to being a spy for the
country.
The man confessed that he was the sniper.
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Synonyms
admit
acknowledge
Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
Synonyms
4. detach
separate
isolate
cut off
v. to remove
Examples:
cf: attach
If you are interested in the course, detach
and fill out the application form.
How can you detach yourself from reality?
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
Synonyms
5. fallacy
n. a false idea or belief
Examples:
It’s a common fallacy to think that crime is
caused by poverty.
That the world is flat was once a popular
fallacy.
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misleading notion
erroneous belief
myth
Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
6. heighten
v. a. to make higher
b. to intensify
Collocations:
Synonyms
her heightened color
逐渐变化的脸孔（如
因感情的变化所致）
heighten one’s anger
使更愤怒
heighten the flavor
使味道更浓
heighten the tension
使气氛更紧张
height the awareness of environmental
protection
提高环保意识
heighten one’s admiration for somebody
对某人倾慕有加
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intensify
increase
reinforce
Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
Synonyms
7. humiliating
a. making somebody feel ashamed,
embarrassed
Examples:
In the first round of the match, their team
suffered a humiliating defeat.
This may seem to be a humiliating
withdrawal. However, it proves a sound
strategy in the long run.
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embarrassing
shameful
degrading
Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
Synonyms
8. infringe
v. to do something that is against a law or
someone’s legal rights
Examples:
break
disobey
violate
The Educational Testing Service (ETS)
cf: obey
brought a lawsuit against the school
because they believed that the school had
infringed their copyrights.
Our government has stepped up its efforts
to crack down those who infringe
intellectual property rights.
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
Synonyms
9. languid
a. moving slowly and making very little
effort; lazily slow and peaceful
Examples:
The old man left with a languid wave of the
hand.
The family spread a languid afternoon by
the stream.
The hot summer makes him feel languid.
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unenergetic
relaxed
leisurely
Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
10. line
More examples
Collocations:
虚线
dotted line
晾衣绳
washing line
a fishing line
钓鱼线
country/state line
州界（美国）
hot line
热线
follow the party line
坚持党的路线
read between the lines
领会言外之意
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To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
Collocations:
take a hard-line
采取强硬路线
be in line for a pay increase
有望加工资
be in line with the basic principle
符合基本原则
in one’s line
在某人的兴趣范围内；
属于某人的行为
out of one’s line
不在······
below the poverty line
在贫困线下
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
11. provoke
v. a. to make angry, vex
b. to cause; arouse
Examples:
His extramarital affairs provoked much
press interest.
The dog is quite dangerous when provoked.
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Synonyms
bring about
trigger
stir
Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
12. reflect
v. a. (of a surface) to throw back (light, heat,
sound)
b. to express
Examples:
c. to consider
The sight of my face reflected in the mirror
never pleases me.
Their clothes and food reflect a rising
standard of living in the country.
The manager is reflecting how to pull out of
the financial distress.
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Synonyms
reveal
expose
suggest
indicate
show
Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
13. resume
v. a. to go on after stopping for a time
b. to go back to the seat, place or position
where you were before
Examples:
She hopes to resume work after the baby is
born.
Peace talks will resume tomorrow.
He will resume training as soon as the
injury is better.
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Synonyms
take up again
continue
restart
cf: résumé
Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
14. sense
n. judgment; a feeling; meaning
Collocations:
there’s no sense in doing sth.
做某事是不明智的
bring sb. to their sense
使人醒悟
make sense of sth.
理解某事的意义
in a sense
在某种意义上
in no sense
绝不
be out of one’s sense
不明智
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
15. sharp
Collocations:
sharp cry of pain
sharp wine
a sharp turn
a sharp pain in the back
a sharp rebuke
in sharp contrast to
sharp-eyed
sharp-eared
sharp-nosed
arrive at 12 sharp
look sharp
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痛苦的尖叫声
浓烈的酒
急转弯
剧烈的背痛
训斥
鲜明对照
目光敏锐的
耳灵的
嗅觉灵敏的
12点整到达
抓紧时间
Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
16. snap
Synonyms
v. a. to break with/make a sharp sound
b. to snatch with the teeth
c. to take a snaps shot
Examples:
She snapped her suitcase shut and left the
house.
The dog snapped at his ankles.
She always snapped her fingers to get the
children’s attention.
Snap the chance when it appears.
Cameramen snapped celebrities while TV men
interviewed them.
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crack
shatter
Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
Synonyms
17. tact
n. the ability to be polite and careful about
what you say or do so that you do not
cause offence
Examples:
Diplomats are supposed to have great tact in
dealing with foreign affairs.
When it came to the issue of territory, their
negotiating showed no tact.
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diplomacy
judgment
insight
Lesson 7—The Rivals
I. Word Study
Synonyms
18. tempt
v. a. to persuade somebody to do something
wrong or foolish
b. to attract somebody to have or do
something
Examples:
Nothing would tempt me to take such a step.
Their unfriendliness tempted him to leave the
party.
The advertisements hope to tempt people into
buying their products.
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The end of Word Study.
lure
entice
attract
appeal to
Lesson 7—The Rivals
II. Phrases and Expressions
List:
1. count on
4. in this regard
2. for one’s part
5. out of reach
3. in the event of
6. take aback
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
II. Phrases and Expressions
1. count on
to depend on or be certain of someone or
something
Examples:
You can count on my vote.
If got into trouble I could always count on
Bob since we’re all weather friends.
Both companies are counting on winning the
contract for constructing Beijing-Shanghai
railway.
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
II. Phrases and Expressions
2. for one’s part
used to say what someone’s opinions are,
when compared to someone else’s opinion
Examples:
For my part, I prefer living in the country.
His parents, for their parts, were very
proud of his choice.
I, for my part, still distrust them.
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
II. Phrases and Expressions
3. in the event of
= in the event that
Examples:
Britain agreed to support US in the event
of war.
She had a terrible accident, but at all
events, she survived.
It may rain. In that event, we will cancel
our journey.
We were afraid that he would be nervous
onstage. But in the event, he delivered his
speech very beautifully.
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
II. Phrases and Expressions
4. in this regard
in connection with this; concerning this
Example:
In this regard, the child may be thought
as having two homes.
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
II. Phrases and Expressions
5. out of/within one’s reach
beyond, difficult to get close enough to
touch
Examples:
They are dangerous to the kids. Do put them
out of the children’s reach.
I have a dictionary within arm’s reach.
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
II. Phrases and Expressions
6. take aback
to be very surprised about something
Examples:
It took him so much aback that for a moment
he was lost for words.
The news took me aback.
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To be continued on the next page.
More verb
phrases of
“take”
Lesson 7—The Rivals
II. Phrases and Expressions
More examples
• He took against me from the start.
• He took back all he’d said.
• The trick took me in.
• I hope you took in all I said.
• The mimic took off the prime minister.
• I took on a new job.
• I was angry when she took over my job.
• We took part in the Golf Club.
• She took me to task for my lateness.
• Studying takes up a lot of my time.
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The end of Phrases and Expressions.
Lesson 7—The Rivals
III. Word Building
List:
1.nominal suffixes: -ion, -ism, -ity,
-ance
2.ex- vs. in-
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
III. Word Building
suffix
V+ ion
transgression
devastation
exhilaration
conformation
procreation
projection
derivation
restoration
contortion
rationalization
devastate
exhilarate
conform
procreate
project
derive
restore
contort
rationalize
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
III. Word Building
suffix
ism: n.—belief/ behavior
criticism (6)
criticize
escape
tour
baptize
simplify
age
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criticism
批评
escapism
逃避现实
tourism
旅游，观光
baptism
洗礼
simplism
片面看问题
ageism
对老年人的歧视
To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 7—The Rivals
III. Word Building
Two more nominal suffixes:
—ity
conform
familiarize
—ance
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sustain
T
conformity
familiarity
sustenance
resist
resistance
assist
assistance
attend
attendance
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
III. Word Building
in--
inside
ex--
outside
including
excluding
import
export
interior
exterior
inhale
exhale
intensive
extensive
internal
external
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The end of Word Building.
Lesson 7—The Rivals
IV. Grammar--1
We wish to be excused because guilt and
shame are painful emotions… (Para. 21)
It is important to recognize that although “be” is the
prototypical auxiliary verb of the passive, it is
possible to have other verbs fulfill this function.
Get- passive is quite common in informal,
conversational English.
—Was Bruno arrested?
—Did Bruno get arrested?
—No. He wasn’t even
—No. He didn’t even get
caught.
caught.
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To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 7—The Rivals
IV. Grammar--2
The experimental have functions as a
passive auxiliary. (note the difference)
—passive (experiential—
The purse-snatching
happened to her. It was
beyond her control.)
Mary had her purse
snatched.
—causative (Mary arranged
for someone to snatch her
purse—perhaps to file a
fraudulent insurance claim.)
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Lesson 7—The Rivals
IV. Grammar--3
Some passive sentences in English
have no active voice counterpart,
such as:
Mehdi was born in Tehran. ( for human birth)
It is rumored that he is on his way out.
Other verbs that occur commonly
in the passive are:
be deemed,
be fined,
be hospitalized,
be jailed,
be scheduled,
be shipped,
be staffed, be suspended.
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The end of Grammar.
Lesson 7—The Rivals
Part Four
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