Transcript 5. conditional clauses

FCE USE OF ENGLISH
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES:ZERO
CONDITIONAL
WHEN THE SUN SHINES. PEOPLE FEEL HAPPY
IF YOU EAT THE RIGHT FOOD, YOU STAY HEALTHY
IF YOU HEAT ICE. IT TURNS TO WATER
Zero conditional are used to express “general truths”.
ZERO CONDITIONALS use THE PRESENT TENSE in both parts of the sentence. Both parts of the
sentence can be in either order.
CONDITION
CONSEQUENCE
IF / PRESENT TENSE
If children are bored
PRESENT TENSE
They often behave badly
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: FIRST
CONDITIONAL
IF I have enough money next year, I’ll buy a house
IF I have enough money next year, I can buy a house
Do I have real possibilities of buying a house?
YES
1.FIRST CONDITIONAL : (POSSIBLE SITUATIONS).
The first conditional talks about possible future actions.
The verb in the main clause is the PRESENT SIMPLE
The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the future with WILL. (We can use other modal
verbs such as can/ may)
CONDITION
CONSEQUENCE
IF / SIMPLE PRESENT
If I study more
WILL/CAN + INFINITIVE
I will pass my exams
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: 2ND
CONDITIONAL
IF I won the lotto, I’d give up work.
IF I knew to speak French, I COULD work in France.
Do I have real possibilities of giving up work?
NO
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2. SECOND CONDITIONAL (UNREAL SITUATIONS)
The second conditional talks about imaginary or unreal situations.
The verb in the main clause (CONDITION) is the SIMPLE PAST
The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the CONDITIONAL WITH WOULD. (We can use
other modal verbs such as could/ might)
CONDITION
CONSEQUENCE
IF / SIMPLE PAST
If I studied more
WOULD/ COULD + infinitive
I would pass my exams
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: 3RD
CONDITIONAL
IF I had called Tom before, he wouldn’t have come here in vane.
IF she had woken up earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the bus.
Does she have any possibility of taking the bus on time?
NO. THE ACTION IS PAST
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3. THIRD CONDITIONAL: (CONDITIONS IN THE PAST)
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The third conditional expresses actions that could have been done in the past and it is impossible
to do it in the present because the moment passed by. These conditional clauses are called
IMPOSSIBLE conditional clauses because there’s nothing that the speaker can do to change the
situation.
The verb in the main clause (CONDITION) is the PAST PERFECT
The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the PRESENT PERFECT CONDITIONAL (WOULD
HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE)
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CONDITION
CONSEQUENCE
IF / HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
If I had studied more
WOULD/ COULD HAVE + PAST
PARTICIPLE
I would have passed my exams
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: MIXED
CONDITIONAL
IF I you hadn’t stayed late last night, you wouldn’t be tired now.
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4. MIXED CONDITIONAL (2nd and 3rd CONDITIONALS):
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The mixed conditional is used to talk about actions that happened in the past that result in
something that isn’t true or is true in the present .
The verb in the main clause (CONDITION) is the PAST PERFECT
The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the PRESENT CONDITIONAL (WOULD +
INFINITIVE)
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CONDITION
CONSEQUENCE
IF / HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
If you hadn’t drunk so much
yesterday
WOULD+INFINITIVE
You wouldn’t be so bad today
OTHER CONDITIONAL
CONJUNCTIONS
UNLESS
(AFFIRMATIVE CLAUSE)
IN CASE + SUBJECT+
VERB (IN ANY TENSE)
AS LONG AS
EVEN IF
PROVIDED/PROVIDING
(THAT)
(to talk about a possibility
that does
not affect the
final result of the action)
CONDITIONAL CONJUNTIONS
1.
UNLESS:
unless has a negative meaning, so the condition has an affirmative verb:
If you don’t help me, I wont pass the exam.
UNLESS
I won’t pass the exam UNLESS you help me.
2. AS LONG AS/ PROVIDED (THAT)/ PROVIDING (THAT) + any tense.
For strong conditions. (si y solo si)
As long as you pass this exam, you will go to university.
I let you go out provided (that) you come back at twelve.
2nd and 3rd CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: FORMAL
STRUCTURES: INVERSIONS
1. Normal Conditionals:
a. If I had enough time, I’d read more books. (2nd conditional)
b. If we had called earlier, we’d have book better tickets. (3rd conditional)
2. INVERSIONS:
a. Had I enough time, I’d read more.
b. Had we called earlier, we’d….
WHAT HAPPENED?
In formal language, English uses INVERSIONS with conditional meaning
keeping the word order of the QUESTIONS:
AUXILIARY VERB+SUBJECT+MAIN VERB.
We would’t have missed the bus if we had left earlier.
LEFT
WE LEFT EARLIER
Had…………………………………………………………., we wouldn’t have left the bus.
by
INVERSIONS IN ADVERBIAL SENTENCES
ADVERBS:
SCARCELY
+ PAST
PERFECT
HARDLY
+PAST
PERFECT
BARELY
+PAST
PERFECT
+ WHEN CLAUSE
NORMAL SENTENCE:
HARDLY we had left, WHEN the thieves broke into our house.
INVERSION:
HARDLY had we left, WHEN the thieves…..
REMEMBER:
INVERSIONS USE THE
QUESTION FORM OF
THE VERB
INVERSIONS IN ADVERBIAL SENTENCES
WITH
FREQUENCY
ADVERBS:
RARELY
+ PRESENT
SIMPLE
SELDOM
+PRESENT
SIMPLE
NEVER
+PRESENT
PERFECT
NORMAL SENTENCE:
I rarely eat pasta before going to bed.
I’ve never heard such an unbelievable story before .
INVERSIONS:
RARELY do I eat pasta….
NEVER HAVE I HEARD such an unbelievable…..
REMEMBER:
INVERSIONS USE THE
QUESTION FORM OF
THE VERB
INVERSIONS WITH OTHER ADVERBIAL
WORDS/PHRASES
1. WITH NOT ONLY….BUT ALSO…..
Example:
Not only you arrived late, but also you made a lot of noise.
INVERSION (only the 1st adverbial clause):
Not only DID you arrive late, but also you made…..
REMEMBER:
INVERSIONS USE THE
QUESTION FORM OF
THE VERB
INVERSIONS WITH OTHER ADVERBIAL
WORDS/PHRASES
1. WITH NO SOONER…..THAN….
Example:
NO SOONER WE HAD SET OUT, THAN we got a flat tyre.
INVERSION (only the adverbial clause):
NO SOONER HAD WE SET OUT, THAN….
REMEMBER:
INVERSIONS USE THE
QUESTION FORM OF
THE VERB
CONDITIONALS: PRACTICE
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She remembers Lucy’s birthday because Kate reminds her every year
IF KATE DIDN’T REMIND HER LUCY’S BIRTHDAY, SHE WOULDN’T REMEMBER IT
If………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
We are going to the concert because Tim comes with us
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TOM DIDN’T COME WITH US WE WOULD NOT GO TO HE CONCERT
If………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
They don’t speak to Sara since they are angry with her.
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If………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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You can’t leave if you don’t finish your homework.
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THEY WEREN’T ANGRY WITH SARA, HEY WOULD SPEAK TO HER
YOU CAN’T LEAVE UNLESS YOU FINISH YOUR HOMEWORK
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
USE OF ENGLISH, PART 4. CONDITIONALS
1.Parking is impossible if you arrive late.
ARRIVE
UNLESS YOU ARRIVE
It’s impossible to park…………………….……………. ……..early.
2. We are cold because we forgot to bring our coats.
IF
WOULDN’T BE COLD IF
We…………………………………….we
hadn’t forgotten our coats.
3. This mistake was caused by you being careless
MADE
WOULD NOT HAVE MADE
If you hadn’t been careless, you ……………………………………..the
mistake.
USE OF ENGLISH, PART 4. CONDITIONALS
5. I might go to live in Australia but I’ll have to find a job first.
PROVIDED
PROVIDED (THAT) I FIND
I won’t live in Australia……………………………………………..a job first
6. It doesn’t matter if it rains cats and dogs tomorrow because we are going
to play the match anyway.
EVEN
EVEN IF IT RAINS
We’ll play the match ………………………………………cats and dogs.
7.You didn’t call me and that’s why you don’t know about the party.
KNOW
YOU WOULD KNOW
If you had called me, ………………………………………………….about the
party.