Transcript Final Exam Grammar - Edublogs @ Macomb ISD

Final Exam Grammar
Review
Everything in this Powerpoint is on
the exam!
Subject-Verb
Subject: The noun that the sentence is about. The noun that is acting
in the sentence.
Verb or Simple Predicate: The action that is happening in the
sentence.
The cat jumped on the couch.
Jack and Jill ran up the hill.
Van Gogh is my favorite painter.
Verb Tense Agreement
Verb tense means using the right form of the verb. The verb needs
to match the tense of the subject and the other verbs in the piece.
We is going to the mall afterschool.
We are going to the mall afterschool. We bought new jeans.
We are going to the mall afterschool. We will buy new jeans.
Pronoun-Antecedent
A pronoun replaces another noun in a sentence. The antecedent is
the noun that is being replaced. They need to match.
Bob went to the store to buy his groceries.
Bob- Antecedent
His- Pronoun
His/Her v. Their
Even though people do it all the time, “their” cannot replace
“his or her.” Their is plural (more than one).
Each student should turn in their project. WRONG!
Each student should turn in his or her project. RIGHT!
Comma- Introductory Phrase
Place a comma after an introductory phrase. This is a group of words at the
start of a sentence that is outside the subject and predicate. It can be removed
without changing the main meaning of the sentence.
First, I went to the store.
The best movie in the world was playing. Surprisingly the theater wasn’t very
busy. After the movie I went to dinner.
The best movie in the world was playing. Surprisingly, the theater wasn’t very
busy. After the movie, I went to dinner.
I went to dinner after the movie.
Comma- Appositive Phrase/Interrupter
Place commas around an appositive phrase or interrupter. This is a
group of words in the middle of a sentence that is outside the
subject and predicate, but gives more information. It can be
removed without changing the main meaning of the sentence.
Frank, who is a dog, likes to eat steak.
Sally who is a vegetarian does not like to eat steak. Steak of course
comes from dead cows. Sally is against hurting cows.
Sally, who is a vegetarian, does not like to eat steak. Steak, of
course, comes from dead cows. Sally is against hurting cows.
Commas around names
Place commas around a name only if it is EXTRA information.
My husband, Kyle, likes pizza. (I have one husband, so it’s extra.)
My husband Kyle likes pizza. (Apparently, I have multiple husbands!)
My friend, Kara, has 4 cats. (Sad, I only have one friend.)
My friend Kara has 4 cats. (Not extra - I have many friends- You
need to know which one I’m talking about.)
Semi-colon- Two Independent Clauses
A semi-colon can be used to connect two related independent
clauses. These could stand as sentences on their own.
I like Girl Scout cookies; the best kind is Thin Mints.
The weather is getting really nice but it is raining a lot. I’m glad we
don’t live in Texas they are having crazy flooding.
The weather is getting really nice, but it is raining a lot. I’m glad we
don’t live in Texas; they are having crazy flooding.
Semi-Colon- List with commas
Use a semi-colon to separate items in a list when the items have
commas in them. This eliminates confusion.
I have visited Boise, Idaho; Los Angeles, California; and Nashville,
Tennessee.
Colon
A colon is used to connect a list or example to the end of an already
complete sentence. What is in front of the colon must be a
complete sentence first.
We read many books in English 11: Hamlet, Beowulf, and The
Canterbury Tales. RIGHT!
I bought: shoes, a skirt, and a shirt. WRONG!
Parallel Structure
Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words
throughout a sentence.
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and bicycling. PARALLEL!
Mary likes hiking, to swim, and bicycling. NOT PARALLEL!
I was asked to write my report quickly, accurately, and in a detailed
manner. NOT PARALLEL!
I was asked to write my report quickly, accurately, and thoroughly.
PARALLEL!
Misplaced Modifier
A misplaced modifier is when a group of words tell us more about
something in the sentence, but it is unclear.
With no names, the teacher was confused about the assignments.
WRONG!
The teacher was confused about the assignment with no names.
RIGHT!
Titles
Put short stories, articles, and short poems in quotes.
“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”
“The Pardoner’s Tale”
Put whole works, books, movies in italics or underline.
Beowulf
The Princess Bride
Contractions
• The apostrophe replaces the missing letters
Can not = can’t
Did not = didn’t
I am
= I’m
Possession
• Use an apostrophe and an s to signal
possession.
The boy’s homework was easy.
The teacher’s desk is fancy.
Becca’s Triscuits are not for sharing!
Chris’s book is cool.
Plural Possession
• Make the noun plural first
– If you added an s already, just add the apostrophe
– If there is no s, add apostrophe s.
The women’s rights movement
The boys’ hockey team
Don’t Use An Apostrophe
• Never use an apostrophe with possessive
pronouns: his, hers, its, theirs, ours, yours,
whose.
• Never use one with a regular plural:
– I have many books.