Transcript class 10 - GEOCITIES.ws

Syntax
2nd class
Chapter 4
Syntactic Categories
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
That glass suddenly broke.
A jogger ran toward the end of the lane.
These dead trees might block the road.
The detective quickly looked through
the records.
The peaches appear quite ripe.
Jack will play the trumpet and the
drums in the orchestra.
Those guests have left
S
NP
Aux
VP
Those guests have left
S
NP
Aux
Det
N
those
guests
VP
Those guests have left
S
NP
Aux
Det
N
those
guests
have
VP
Those guests have left
S
NP
Det
Aux
N
those guests
have
VP
V
left
Maria ate a brownie
S
NP
Aux
VP
Maria ate a brownie
S
NP
N
Maria
Aux
VP
Maria ate a brownie
S
NP
N
Maria
Aux
past
VP
Maria ate a brownie
S
NP
N
Maria
Aux
past
VP
V
ate
NP
det
N
a brownie
That shelf will fall
S
NP
Aux
VP
That shelf will fall
S
NP
Aux
Det
N
that
shelf
VP
That shelf will fall
S
NP
Aux
Det
N
those
guests
will
VP
That shelf will fall
S
NP
Det
N
that
shelf
Aux
VP
will
V
fall
The glass broke
S
NP
Aux
VP
The glass broke
S
NP
Aux
Det
N
the
glass
VP
The glass broke
S
NP
Aux
Det
N
the
glass
past
VP
The glass broke
S
NP
Aux
Det
N
the
glass
past
VP
V
broke
Syntactic Trees
The pretty girl ate the sandwich quickly.
 This house is full of love.
 She is working in the park.
 The cat and the dog are enemies.
 I saw Peter or Paul in the mall.

Ambiguous sentences
(Structural ambiguity)

I shot an elephant in underwear.

The cat chased the dog in the park.

He saw the robber with a binocular.
Types of Verbs





Intransitive verbs: do not take an NP
e.g., I sleep
Transitive: take an NP (object)
e.g., I met her in the mall.
Ditransitive: take 2 NPs (or 1 NP and 1 PP)
e.g., I gave my wife a gift.
Linking: describes the subject.
e.g., You look marvelous; She became
a doctor; I feel dizzy; I am fine
Verbs with sentential complements: followed
by a whole sentence.
e.g., The ancients believed (that) the
earth was flat.
What kind of verb?











He is very boring.
I like vegetables and fruits.
I saw my friend yesterday.
I sold my car to my boss.
She told me the truth.
I feel bad.
I think that you should go to the party.
Peter gave Mark the cheese.
Paul realized that Maria fed the baby.
Carlos wonders if Peter is afraid of him.
Peter gave the cheese to Mark.
Embedded sentences

I think that you should go to the party.
Embedded sentences

Paul realized that Maria fed the baby.
Rules
S  NP Aux VP
 NP  (Det) (AP) N (PP)
 VP  V (NP) (PP) (Adv) (CP)
 PP  P NP
 AP  Adj (PP)
 CP  Comp S
