Transcript Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech
8 Parts of Speech
•
•
•
•
•
Noun-names
Pronoun-replaces names
Verb-states action or being
Adjective-describes nouns or pronouns
Adverb-describes or limits verbs, adjectives or
other adverbs
• Preposition-relates
• Conjunction-connects
• Interjection-expresses strong feeling!
Nouns--- people, place, thing, idea
Types
• Common-non specific names
– man, church, country
• Proper-specific names
– Jim, The Arch, Chicago
– always capitalized
• Compound-includes more than 1 word
– Separate words---living room
– Hyphenated words---break-in; twenty-one
– Combined words---birdhouse, flashlight
• Collective-represents a group
– class, family, team, choir, jury
Types of Pronouns
• Personal---I, me, my, you, our, we, they…
• Reflexive---end in –self (myself, herself, themselves)
NOT hisself or themself
• Indefinite---refer to unnamed people, places, ideas
(see pg. 33 for the list)
• Demonstrative---this, that, these, those but only
when used by themselves.
NOT…This book is lost. This is cold.
(adjective)
(pronoun)
• Interrogative---ask questions. Who, what, which,
whom, whose
Cases of Pronouns
• Nominative---names; subjects or predicate
nominative (found toward front of sentence)
• Objective---action is done to it; found toward
end of sentence
• Possessive---shows ownership
• Vocative---you
Pronouns
• Pronouns take the place of nouns
• Must agree in gender and
number with the noun to which it
refers
Antecedent
This is noun that the pronoun is taking the
place of.
• Justin said he couldn’t go to the game.
(antecedent) (pronoun)
• Alan caught the ball and threw it to first base.
(antecedent)
(pronoun)
Pronoun and Antecedent
Agreement (pg. 225-227)
• Pronouns and antecedents must agree, but
sometimes it is very tricky to determine if the
pronoun is singular or plural
• Determining gender is fairly easy
Masculine
He, him, his
Feminine
Neuter
She her, hers it, its
Some pronouns seem like they
should be plural, but are ALWAYS
SINGULAR no matter what words
follow it
• If the pronoun ends in –one or –body, it is
singular
Anybody
Anyone
Each
Singular Indefinite Pronouns
either
neither
one
everybody nobody
somebody
everyone
no one
someone
Plural Indefinite Pronouns-these
are always plural (more than one)
no matter what words follow it.
Plural Indefinite
Pronouns
Both
Few
Many
Several
These can be either singular or
plural. The key is looking at the
antecedent (object of the
preposition)
Singular or Plural
all any most none some
Some of the metal has lost its shine.
Some of the performers have lost their edge.
Verbs & Verb Phrases
• Verbs can be action, linking, or helping
• Action verbs tell the action the subject is
doing.
–Example: The man walked to the store.
• Linking verbs are used when the subject is
being described. They are state of being verbs
–Example: The dinner was cold.
• Was is the linking verb to connect dinner
and cold.
• Helping verbs are used to create a
verb phrase.
–Example: The snowflakes were
falling on the ground.
• Were is the helping verb that is
used with falling to create the
verb phrase were falling
Adjectives
• Describe nouns and pronouns
• Answers the questions which ones, how many, what kind
• If two are used in succession, they are separated by a
comma
,
,
– The large furry rabbit ate the green leafy lettuce
• Sometimes, adjectives can really be nouns or pronouns
–
–
–
–
Her article appeared in the school newspaper.
Her article for school appeared in the newspaper.
This is very interesting.
This book is very interesting.
Adverbs
• Describe or limit verbs, adjectives, or other
adverbs
• Often (but not always) end in –ly
• Answers the questions when, where, how, to
what extent