Transcript The Sentence and Its Parts

The Sentence and Its
Parts
Chapter 1
Mr. Morton Video
LESSON 1 – COMPLETE
SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES
• A sentence is a group of words that
expresses a complete thought.
• Every complete sentence has two basic
parts: a subject and a predicate.
– The complete subject includes all the words
that tell whom or what the sentence is about.
– The complete predicate includes the verb
and all the words that complete the verb’s
meaning.
To find the complete subject, ask
who or what does something (or is
something).
To find the complete predicate,
ask what the subject does (or is).
Some architects bring nature indoors.
Some architects is the complete subject because it
answers who is doing something.
bring nature indoors is the complete predicate
because it is telling you what some architects do.
Let’s try it together
1. Frank Lloyd Wright designed an unusual
home in the Pennsylvania woods.
2. The owners called the house
Fallingwater.
3. Sections of the house jut out over a
waterfall.
4. Its stone walls blend in with the natural
surroundings.
5. More than 130,000 people visit the sight each
year.
6. Tourists can see a very different house near
Spring Green, Wisconsin.
7. The architect Alex Jordan built House on the
Rock on a column of sandstone.
8. Its many rooms contain unique furnishings.
9. An automated band plays music all day for the
tourists.
10. This odd house attracts half a million visitors a
year.
Homework
• Workbook page 1
• Workbook page 2 – part A only
• You will have a quiz on Lessons 1, 2, 3,
and 4 on __________________________.
LESSON 2 – SIMPLE SUBJECTS
Let’s Review
• A noun is a word that names a person,
place, thing, or idea.
• A pronoun is a word that can be used
in place of a noun.
• The simple subject is the main word or
words in the complete subject.
Descriptive words are not part of the
simple subject.
– The simple subject is going to be a noun
or a pronoun.
Example:
An expectant seal builds a shelter in a
snowdrift.
Let’s Try it Together
1. Many animals need shelter from cold and
predators.
2. Lodges on islands often give beavers the
best protection.
3. These homes are built up form the
bottom of the pond.
4. Strong saplings are anchored in the mud.
5. The sturdy rodents then pile debris into a
mound.
6. Branches buried in the mud are food for
the winter.
7. Their whole family lives together in the
snug burrow.
8. Their warm bodies keep the temperature
comfortable.
9. Predators can claw at the frozen lodge.
10.The crafty beavers stay safe and warm
inside.
Homework
• Workbook page 4
• Workbook page 5
• You will have a quiz on Lessons 1, 2, 3,
and 4 on __________________________.
LESSON 3 – SIMPLE
PREDICATES, OR VERBS
LESSON 4 – VERB PHRASES
• The simple predicate, or verb, is the
main word or words in the complete
predicate.
• A verb is a word used to express an
action, a condition, or a state of being.
– A linking verb tells what the subject is.
– An action verb tells what the subject does
even when the action cannot be seen.
Example:
Prairie pioneers lived in sod houses.
• A verb phrase is made up of a main
verb and one or more helping verbs.
– A main verb can stand by itself as the
single predicate of a sentence.
– One or more helping verbs help the main
verb express action or show time.
Example:
It will have been programmed for all seasons.
Let’s Try it Together
Directions: Underline the simple predicate, or
verb, in each sentence.
1. My great-grandparents lived in a sod house,
or “soddy,” on the Kansas prairie.
2. They traveled west from their home in
Tennessee.
3. The men used nearly an acre of sod for the
house.
4. The home had only two windows and one
door.
5. My family built their soddy in the side of a
hill.
Let’s Try it Together
Directions: Underline the verb phrase in each sentence below. Be
sure to include all the helping verbs.
1. The first “smart house” was developed in the
early 1980s.
2. Its appliances could communicate with each
other.
3. Suppose you were running the vacuum cleaner.
4. The noise might keep you from hearing the
phone.
5. In that situation the house would stop the
vacuum cleaner automatically.
Homework
• Workbook page 7
• Workbook page 10
• You will have a quiz on Lessons 1, 2, 3,
and 4 on _________________________.
LESSON 5 – COMPOUND
SENTENCE PARTS
Sentences can have compound
subjects and compound verbs.
• A compound subject is made up of
two or more subjects that share the
same verb.
– The subjects are joined by a conjunction, or
a connecting word, such as and, or, or but.
Examples:
Salyut 1 and Skylab were the first space
stations.
American astronauts or Russian cosmonauts
lived aboard the stations.
• A compound verb is made up of tow or
more verbs that have the same subject.
– The verbs are joined by a conjunction such
as and, or, or but.
Examples:
The Skylab crew worked and slept in close
quarters.
They worked hard but slept little.
Let’s Try it Together
1. Space stations and orbiting platforms
are our first step away from Earth.
2. In the future, we may design and
build outer-space cities.
3. Several nations or international
groups could pool their resources.
4. They could create and manage a
colony on the moon.
5. Minerals and other raw materials
would be shipped to colonies in space.
6. We already design and plan model
cities.
7. In one design, two huge cylinders and
their solar panels form the main body
of the space city.
8. The cylinders rotate and create an
artificial gravity.
9. Special greenhouses shelter and
sustain the city’s food.
10.These cities or other space colonies
could bring us closer to the stars!
Homework
• Workbook page 13
• You will have a quiz on Lessons 1, 2, 3,
and 4 on _________________________.
• You will have a test on Chapter 1 on
________________________________.
LESSON 7 – SUBJECTS IN
UNUSUAL ORDER
Questions
• In a question, the subject usually comes
after the verb or between parts of the
verb phrase.
Example:
Is she ready?
Does the weather look good for the
game?
• To find the subject, turn the question
into a statement. Then ask who or
what is doing something.
– Are you staying home?
– You are staying home.
(Who is staying? You)
Commands
• The subject of a command, or
imperative sentence, is usually you.
– Often, you doesn’t appear in the sentence
because it’s implied or understood.
• (You) Meet us at the concession stand.
• (You) Bring money for snacks!
Inverted Sentences
• In an inverted sentence, the subject
comes after the verb. Writers use
inverted sentences to emphasize
particular words or ideas.
Inverted Subjects and Verbs
Normal:
The first batter walked up to the plate.
Inverted:
Up to the plate walked the first batter.
Normal:
Do you judge me by my size?
Inverted
Judge me by my size, do you?
Think of Yoda when you’re
thinking about inverted subjects
and verbs.
Sentences Beginning
with Here or There
• In some sentences beginning with here or
there, subjects follow verbs. To find the
subject in such a sentence, look for the verb
and ask the question who or what. Find the
subject by looking at the words that follow
the verb.
Example:
Here comes your all-state championship team.
Let’s Try it Together
1. There are some benefits to games at the
home stadium.
2. In the bleachers sit all your fans.
3. There are fewer hostile fans from the other
team.
4. Is travel time shorter to and from the game?
5. On the field can be seen special
landscaping.
6. Will the umpires give the home team a
break?
7. Does the team usually play better on its
own field?
8. Look at the team’s record for the season.
9. There are more wins at home.
10.Plan more home games for next year.
Homework
• Workbook page 19
• Workbook page 20 – Part A only.
• You will have a test on Chapter 1,
Lessons 1 – 5, 7, and 10 on
__________________________________.
LESSON 10 – FRAGMENTS
AND RUN-ONS
Sentence Fragments
• A sentence fragment is a part of a
sentence that is written as if it were a
complete sentence.
– A sentence fragment is missing a subject, a
predicate, or both.
Example:
The Rungus people in Malaysia.
predicate)
(missing a
Build traditional homes called longhouses.
(missing a subject)
On top of stilts away from flood waters.
(missing both)
To make a complete sentence, add a
subject, a predicate, or both.
The Rungus people live in Malayisa.
They build traditional homes called longhouses.
These homes often are constructed on top of
stilts, away from flood waters.
Run-On Sentences
• A run-on sentence is two or more
sentences written as though they were
a single sentence.
• When combining two sentences with a
conjunction (and, but, or, for), use a
comma before the conjunction.
• RUN-ON
The longhouse roof is made of palm
leaves, the walls are made of tree bark.
• REVISION
The longhouse roof is made of palm
leaves. The walls are made of tree bark.
• REVISION
The longhouse roof is made of palm
leaves, and the walls are made of tree
bark.
Let’s Try it Together
Directions: Identify each of the following sentences as
a fragment, a run-on, or a complete sentence.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The Maya live in Mexico.
Their traditional homes.
Have been much the same for centuries.
Some were made of stucco or stone.
Modern building materials.
6. Today Mayan houses have electricity
and telephones other things haven’t
changed.
7. The Maya now use such materials as
cinder blocks and cement for walls.
8. They build roofs from corrugated metal
they also use tarpaper.
9. The tombstones in some Mayan
cemeteries.
10.Are shaped like little houses.
Homework
• Workbook page 28
• Workbook page 29 – Part A only
• You will have a test on Chapter 1,
Lessons 1 – 5, 7, and 10 on
__________________________________.