Transcript IN2_U2_resumen

UNIT 2
Still in Africa
By ep715. Creative Commons
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The Passive Voice
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The passive voice in English is composed of two elements:
- the correct form of the verb 'to be' + the past participle of the verb in
question.
We can use the passive in any tense. To make different tenses we
change the verb to be:
Present simple: The information is sent to our main office
Present continuous: The house is being painted
Past simple: My bike was stolen
Past continuous: I felt as if I was being followed
Present Perfect: Three people have been robbed
Past perfect: I knew why I had been chosen
Future simple: You'll be told in advance
Going-to future: Who's going to be invited?
Modal verbs: The house should be cleaned / You might have been hurt
PASSIVE: by + agent.
In sentences like: The trouble was caused by your mother
the part of the sentence introduced by by is called the agent.
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The agent is only expressed when it is important
Adjectives + preposition
There are many adjectives in English that are followed by a
particular preposition.
Example: He is afraid of speaking English
She was concerned about failing the exam
• The following is ONLY A SAMPLE LIST of the most commonly used
adjective + preposition combinations:
angry, anxious, concerned, excited,
happy, sorry, worried
amazed, bad, clever, good, surprised
different, far, free, safe
famous, ready, responsible, sorry
about
at
from
for
interested, experienced
in
ashamed, afraid, capable, fond, full,
proud, tired
of
accustomed, kind, married, opposed,
polite, related, similar
to
Impersonal construction
Causative Have / Get
Impersonal construction is used in English with reporting verbs to talk
about what is generally thought or said. The construction is formed with a
reporting verb followed by a clause.
Some of these reporting verbs are: agree, announce, believe, claim, consider,
expect, know, report, suppose, say, think, understand. More examples:
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It is said that he died of cancer
It is believed that he has fled to Mexico
It is expected that the government will remain in power
→→ They can be rephrased using the passive reporting verb + to infinitive
It is said that smoking causes cancer → Smoking is said to cause cancer
Have something done and Get something done are both used to refer to
actions which are done for the subject rather than by the subject. Causative
verbs are used instead of passive verbs to show that the subject causes the
action to be done. Somebody else does the job for us.
She had the house painted → She employed someone to paint the house; she
didn't do it herself
I have my hair cut → I go to the hairdresser's; I don't do it myself
I'm having the car fixed → The car is being fixed by the mechanic; I don't do
it myself
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Make and Do
In general we can say that the verb make goes with some words and
the verb do with other words. So what can you do to help you learn
which of the two verbs is used with which other words? The best solution is
to try to memorize the common fixed expressions that use the words.
Apart from that, there are some rules of usage for make and do that
can help you:
Do is used to describe an action without saying exactly what the action is:
What are you doing?
Do is used to talk about work and jobs: I usually do the housework during
the week.
Have you done your homework?
Make is used to speak about building, constructing, producing, creating
etc.: We made a tree house for the children.
Who made this chocolate cake?
Writing a narrative composition
A narrative composition is a piece of writing that tells an
experience, usually in the past
It can be based on one of your own experiences, or it can be based
on the experiences of someone else.
Plan your narrative composition
 Paragraph 1 Begin your narrative with a paragraph that introduces
the experience and its significance.
Where – When – Who - Why

Paragraph 2 Write about the details of the experience, about what

Paragraph 3 End of the story. Is it still
actually happened. What
important/significant/interesting for you?