Transcript POS
Parts of Speech Can’t live without it! The English language is messed up! Seriously, English is the hardest language to learn, but since we already speak it, we’re ahead of the game. What’s important here is labeling the things we use every day. Labels for our words Parts of speech are different labels we use to categorize every word in the English language. Just like a Pug, Boxer, and Great Dane are all dogs…”a”, “an”, and “the” are all called ARTICLES! Nouns Nouns are used to label words that identify people, places, things, or ideas. *Specific names are called Proper Nouns. Examples Include: Jane*, dentist, bathroom, Las Vegas*, pencil, Kleenex*, and happiness. Adjectives Adjective is a label used for words that describe nouns. They tell us “what kind” and “how many.” Red, smelly, small, three, scruffy, energetic, excited, plump, annoying, eager, coquettish, heretical, and so on! Pronouns & Antecedents Pronoun: can replace a name He, she, him, her, their, etc. Personal pronoun: I, me, we, our, etc. Antecedent: the word being referred to by the pronoun. May be in the same sentence or in previous sentence. Pronouns & Antecedents Mr. Tippett’s spleen burst when he leapt from the stubborn student’s car. Mr. Tippett’s spleen burst when he leapt from the stubborn student’s car. Verbs Verb is a label used for words that show action. A verb is something “you do.” Jump, swim, hurry, speak, tell, explain, be, give, brush, hug, saunter, and believe. Adverbs The word adverb labels a group of words that explain how you did something. How did you do it? Well, you did it……. Carefully, quickly, easily, hurriedly, angrily, pathetically, practically, eventually. They all end in -ly! Articles Articles are a kind of adjective which is always used with, and gives some information about, a noun. A, an, the Fill in the blanks with any words you feel fit the sentence: The _______ _______ to the store. Whatever you came up with, I’m sure you had a noun and a then a verb! The lady ran to the store. The dog hurried to the store. The gymnast back-flipped to the store. The musician sang to the store. Naturally English speakers know that every sentence includes a noun and a verb. The lady ran. The boy jumped. Then, we make it more exciting with adjectives and adverbs. The angry lady ran quickly. The elated boy jumped excitedly. On your sheet of paper, make these sentences more exciting with adjectives and adverbs. 1. The dog chased. 2. The baby cried. 3. The soldier fought. 4. My sister yelled. 5. A rocket flew. 6. Our chair broke. On your sheet of paper, make these sentences more exciting with adjectives and adverbs. 1. The rabid dog chased insanely. 2. The fat baby cried emphatically. 3. The brave soldier fought tirelessly. 4. My ugly sister yelled annoyingly. 5. A miniature rocket flew pathetically. 6. Our Ikea chair broke quickly. Like I said, every sentence has a noun and verb…but more importantly, noun and verb phrases. What is a phrase? Well, easily, a phrase is an incomplete sentence. The silly boy - is a noun phrase (no verb) ran to the zoo - is a verb phrase (no subject) Put a noun phrase and a verb phrase together and you get a complete sentence! Bam! On your sheet of paper, copy each phrase and label the it “N” for noun phrase or “V” for verb phrase. 7. An energetic elephant 8. Spoke Latin easily 9. Ran sideways quickly 10. The large television Now, connect a NP and a VP to make a S. Noun Phrases The elegant woman The picky penguin The salty peanut The handsome man The yellow pencil Verb Phrases fell quickly flew beautifully hugged tightly waddles slowly danced indefatigably Are these complete sentences? Quickly, he leapt from the bleachers. From the bleachers, he leapt quickly. YES!!!!!! Even if the elements are in a different order, it is still a complete sentence. Just make sure all the elements are there! For example… The little puppy ate dinner quickly. Quickly, the little puppy ate dinner. Story of legendary basketball coach John Wooden The tall man yelled angrily. The new house sold easily. It gets harder! Well, maybe it doesn’t get harder, just more in-depth. There are many additional parts of speech that we add to our sentences and we will keep introducing new ones! Pronouns, prepositions, interjections, conjunctions, etc. We’ll take it one day at a time, but you are going to master this stuff; it will come easy to you very soon.