Transcript Misplaced Modifiers, Direct and Indirect

Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
Direct and Indirect Objects
Prepositional Phrases
Prepositional Phrases
• A phrase is a group of words that functions in
a sentence as one part of speech.
• Prepositional phrases always include a
preposition and a noun or pronoun (called the
Object of the Preposition-OP).
• The phrase may also include modifiers.
Prepositional Phrases
• Here are some common prepositions.
To
At
Of
In
On
Up
For
From
Below
With
Near
Into
Toward
Beneath
Between
Beyond
Around
Down
Above
Before
After
Until
Through
In front of
Prepositional Phrases
* Warning: Sometimes some of these words
also work alone as adverbs: Let the cat in. I
could feel that the monster was near.
To
At
Of
In
On
Up
For
From
Below
With
Near
Into
Toward
Beneath
Between
Beyond
Around
Down
Above
Before
After
Until
Through
In front of
Prepositional Phrases
• A prepositional phrase can function either as
an adjective or as an adverb.
• Let’s review what adjectives and adverbs do.
Prepositional Phrases
Adjectives
Modify Nouns or
Pronouns
Adverbs
Verbs, Adjectives,
or Other Adverbs
Answer Which one?
What kind?
How many?
How much?
How? When?
Where?
To what extent?
(Why? Under what
condition?)
Prepositional Phrases
• Find the prepositional phrases; decide
whether they are adjective or adverb phrases.
• William sat in the chair near the door.
• After dinner, we walked on the beach.
Prepositional Phrases
• Find the prepositional phrases; decide
whether they are adjective or adverb phrases.
• William sat in the chair near the door.
• Sat where? Adverb phrase
• Which chair? Adjective phrase
Prepositional Phrases
• Find the prepositional phrases; decide
whether they are adjective or adverb phrases.
• After dinner, we walked
on the beach.
• Walked when? Adverb phrase
• Walked where? Adverb phrase
Prepositional Phrases
• Once words are in a prepositional phrase, they
can NOT do any other job in a sentence.
• Find the subject in this sentence.
• A vase of flowers is on the table.
Prepositional Phrases
• Eliminating the prepositional phrases makes
the subject clear.
• A vase of flowers is on the table.
Direct and Indirect Objects
• A clause is a group of words that has a subject
and a verb.
• The verb may be an action verb or a linking
verb.
Direct and Indirect Objects
• Sometimes the verb is a linking verb:
• Mary is my friend.
• The cat seemed friendly.
• Linking verbs connect the subject to either a
noun/pronoun that renames the subject OR to
an adjective that describes the subject.
Direct and Indirect Objects
• Sometimes the verb is a linking verb:
•
Mary is my friend.
•
The cat seemed friendly.
Predicate Nominative/Noun
Predicate Adjective
• Linking verbs NEVER have Direct or Indirect Objects
Direct and Indirect Objects
• Sometimes the verb is an action verb.
• The cat chased the rat.
• Bill sneezed loudly.
• Sometimes a sentence with an action verb
also has a direct object.
• Sometimes it does not.
Direct and Indirect Objects
• To find whether the sentence has a direct object,
ask “Verbed what?”
• The cat chased the rat.
• “Chased what?”
the rat
• To check the answer, ask “Is the rat what got
chased?”
• Yes=Direct Object (DO)
• No=Not a Direct Object
Direct and Indirect Objects
• The cat chased the rat.
• Action verbs that have a direct object are
called TRANSITIVE VERBS.
• Trans mean across, as in transfer, transport,
and transmit.
• The action of the verb transfers to the DO.
Direct and Indirect Objects
• Let’s see if you can find the direct object for this
sentence:
• Joe ate several cookies for dinner.
• Ate what?
• Are _________ what got eaten?
• Remember that the noun in the prepositional
phrase is the object of the preposition (OP) and
cannot do any other job in the sentence.
Direct and Indirect Objects
• Let’s see if you can find the direct object for
this sentence:
• I saw a bird sitting on my mailbox.
• Saw what?
• Is ______ what got seen?
Direct and Indirect Objects
• Let’s see if you can find the direct object for
this sentence:
• Please bring your notebook with you to class.
• Bring what?
• Is ______ what you will bring?
• Bonus question: What is the subject?
Direct and Indirect Objects
• Let’s see if you can find the direct object for
this sentence:
• Max gave me a pencil.
• Gave what?
• Is _____ what was given?
Direct and Indirect Objects
• Max gave me a pencil.
• This time you see a pronoun between the verb
and the DO.
• It tells to or for whom or what the DO was
given.
• This is called the Indirect Object (IO).
Direct and Indirect Objects
• Max gave me a pencil.
•
AV IO
DO
• Gave the pencil to whom?
Me.
• The Indirect Object is always in this location in
the sentence. Other words may be added, but
the ORDER of the AV, IO, and DO will remain
the same.
Direct and Indirect Objects
• Max gave me a pencil.
•
AV IO
DO
• The same idea can be written differently:
• Max gave a pencil to me.
•
AV
DO
?
•
• Now the ORDER is wrong. So what is me now?
Direct and Indirect Objects
Me is now the object of the preposition to.
• Max gave a pencil to me.
•
AV
DO
OP
• Remember that the noun in the prepositional
phrase is the object of the preposition (OP)
and cannot do any other job in the sentence.
Direct and Indirect Objects
• A sentence can have a Direct Object with or
without an Indirect Object.
• Mary gave the cashier the money for lunch.
•
AV
IO
DO
• Mary gave money to the cashier.
•
AV DO
OP
Prepositional
Phrase
• A SENTENCE CAN NEVER HAVE AN INDIRECT
OBJECT WITHOUT A DIRECT OBJECT!
Direct and Indirect Objects
• Sometimes the action verb does not have a direct
object.
• Bill sneezed loudly.
• Sneezed what?
• Loudly is HOW he sneezed and is an adverb.
• Action verbs that DO NOT have direct objects are
called INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Direct and Indirect Objects
• Determine whether the verbs in these
sentences are Transitive or Intransitive.
• 1. Lynn took lunch to her mother.
• 2. I apologized for the mistake.
• 3. The dog gobbled its dinner quickly.
• 4. Many students improved their grades this
quarter.
• 5. The cat stretched in the afternoon sun.
Direct and Indirect Objects
• Determine whether the verbs in these
sentences are Transitive or Intransitive.
• 1. Lynn took lunch to her mother. T
• 2. I apologized for the mistake.
I
• 3. The dog gobbled its dinner quickly. T
• 4. Many students improved their grades this
quarter. T
• 5. The cat stretched in the afternoon sun. I
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
• A misplaced modifier appears to modify the
wrong word in a sentence.
• Dad bought a desk from an antique dealer
with a secret compartment.
• Does the antique dealer have a secret
compartment????
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
• A modifier should be placed as close as
possible to the word it modifies.
• Dad bought a desk with a secret compartment
from an antique dealer.
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
• A dangling modifier appears to modify the
wrong word or no word at all because the
word it should logically modify is missing.
• Flying low over the treetops, a herd of
elephants charged into our view.
• Were the elephants flying?
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
• How can we correct this?
• Flying low over the treetops, a herd of
elephants charged into our view.
• Who or what was flying? Our is a clue.
• We were flying.
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
• How can we correct this?
• Flying low over the treetops, a herd of
elephants charged into our view.
• Flying low over the treetops, we saw a herd of
elephants charge into our view.
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
• Can you find the misplaced or dangling
modifier and correct the sentence.
• Sniffing the carton cautiously, the milk didn’t
smell sour.
• (I didn’t even know milk has a nose!)
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
• Sniffing the carton cautiously, the milk didn’t
smell sour.
• Sniffing the carton cautiously, I didn’t think
the milk smelled sour.
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
• Can you find the misplaced or
dangling modifier and correct
the sentence.
• Maggie found a sweater that
had never been worn in the
thrift store.
• (Where HAD it been worn???)
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
• Maggie found a sweater that
had never been worn in the
thrift store.
• In the thrift store, Maggie
found a sweater that had
never been worn.