Transcript Cookie Grammar - SimmonsEnglish7

Cookie
Grammar
Before we get started, we need
to understand that…
a simple cookie
=
an independent clause
Independent Clause?
• ONE word is just one word.
• TWO or more words
make a PHRASE.
• A phrase with a subject and
verb makes a CLAUSE. If it
can stand on its own, it is an
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE.
monster
The hairy blue
monster
The hairy blue
monster
chomps
on cookies.
What’s an independent clause?
• A complete simple sentence
• Consider it ONE whole cookie
So… an independent clause is a
complete simple sentence,
and complete simple sentences
have a subject and a predicate.
Subject?
Predicate?
Me just want cookie.
The subject completes the
action. It’s the who or what
which the sentence is about.
Cookie Monster
waves to Mr. Simmons’ class.
The predicate, or verb, tells
something about the subject.
It is the action, the doing,
in the sentence.
Cookie Monster waves
to Mr. Simmons’ class.
He is happy
to see them.
Subject + Predicate =
complete sentence
independent clause
One cookie!
So, what happens when we add
exciting and grandiloquent verbs
and adjectives to our sugar
cookies?
We get a scrumptious iced
cookie with those crunchy
sprinkles on top!
Yummmm…
Or we get the even better,
beloved chocolate chip cookie!
They’re all the same . . .
-Independent Clause
-Simple Sentence
-One Cookie
No matter how much icing, sprinkles,
or chocolate chips you add to your
sugar cookie, you still only have
_____ cookie!
Now, let’s make
our cookie
fudgetastic!
with…
Loose Fudge
aka Dependent Clauses
Dependent Clause
d
ependent
• The fetus is dependent on the mother to one day
become a baby.
• The dependent clause needs an independent
clause to be a complete sentence. OR…
• The fudge needs the cookie.
• Without the cookie, loose fudge is just a nasty,
mushy FRAGMENT.
ndependent Clauses
can stand alone. They are complete
sentences and can support dependent
clauses—loose fudge.
Like a simple cookie,
independent clauses
can take loose fudge
as decoration and
remain a single
cookie.
Sugar Cookie or Loose Fudge?
1. Sugar cookies are a delectable treat.
2. When Cookie Monster gets hungry.
3. Chocolate chips are an exciting
surprise.
4. My mind is always dreaming of cookies.
5. Sprinkles can make any cookie special.
6. Before you eat cookies.
Loose fudge
NOT
cookie!
Arrgh!
We can add loose fudge
to our cookies using a
special ingredient…
Subordinating
Conjunctions!
Hey! Fudge is
NOT cookie!
Su-who-bor-what?
Let’s help Cookie Monster
understand.
Subordinate means lower in
rank or position
•“Sub” = below
•“Ord” = order
Subordinate - like a
dependent baby to its mom.
A conjunction is a
connector
.
It
“joins”
words
Hey! Fudge is
and
clauses
together.
NOT cookie!
Su-who-be-what?
So,
a subordinating
conjunction is…
that special
ingredient used to
join loose fudge to
cookies. Find them
and you will find
your dependent
Hey!
Fudge is
clauses.
NOT cookie!
Su-who-be-what?
Some common
subordinating
conjunctions are…
after, although, as, as
if, because, before,
even if, even though, if,
if only, rather than,
since, that, though,
unless, until, when,
where, whereas,
Hey! Fudge is
wherever,
whether,
NOT cookie!
which, and while
after,
although,
as, as if,
because,
before,
even
if,
even
though, if,
if
only,
rather
than,
since, that,
though,
unless,
until,
when,
where,
whereas,
wherever,
whether,
which, and
while
We already use them
everyday to combine
dependent clauses
(loose fudge)
to
independent clauses
This loose fudge brings us to the
Complex Sentence
Or, the Fudge-Striped Cookie! OH YEAH!
One of Cookie Monster’s
favorite equations:
Sugar Cookie + Loose Fudge = Fudge-Striped Cookie
or
Independent Clause + Dependent Clause =
Complex Sentence
= complex sentence
This delectable complex sentence is easy to find
when all the cookies are mixed in the same jar.
Let’s look at the difference a subordinating conjunction makes:
•I eat cookies.
•After I eat cookies.
•After I eat cookies, I can sleep soundly.
•I can sleep soundly after I eat cookies.
Let’s bake some Fudge-Striped Cookies!
But wait! There are TWO recipes.
Can you guess what they are?
Add a COMMA when the
dependent clause comes first.
,
When the loose fudge begins the sentence it must
be followed by a comma.
Think of it this way: if you put your loose fudge
in your hand first, you will need your tongue to
lick up some of the mess before you put your
cookie in your hand. Your tongue is the comma!
It all depends on which ingredient you want to
mix in first.
Mix an independent clause with a dependent clause
to make a Fudge-Striped Cookie
LOOSE FUDGE
Because cookies have
no calories whatsoever
SUGAR COOKIES
I am able to sample
every type the bakery
has to offer
When the cookie
crumbles
It is often hard to pick
up the pieces
Made of caramel,
chocolate, and coconut
A macaroon is a
delicious cookie
DC+,+IC= FSC
IC+DC=FSC
Because cookies have no
calories whatsoever, I am
able to sample every type
the bakery has to offer.
I am able to sample every
type the bakery has to
offer because cookies
have no calories
whatsoever.
When the cookie
crumbles, it is hard to pick
up the pieces of your life.
Made of caramel,
chocolate, and coconut, a
macaroon is a delicious
cookie.
It is hard to pick up the
pieces of your life when
the cookie crumbles.
A macaroon is a delicious
cookie made of caramel,
chocolate, and coconut.
Let’s Review
1. Bonnie and Clyde like to ride side by side.
2. I still have the birthday card which my best
friend made for me.
3. When Julie reads her book, she ignores the
world around her.
4. Gregory, the tall guy in the cowboy hat, rode
bulls until he broke his leg.
5. The shuttle has three missing parts: a heat
shield, a windshield, and a forcefield. (See how I
used a colon to list?!)
6. So, class, how many cookies does Mr.
Simmons really have? (Notice my use of commas
surrounding a direct address?!)
More Cookie!
OO EE OO EE OO…
OREOS!
Oreos are our
compound sentences.
2 cookies & 1 creamy center
Chocolate cookie =
Independent clause
Creamy center =
a comma + coordinating conjunction,
a semicolon + conjunctive adverb
+ a comma, or just a semicolon
Chocolate cookie =
Independent clause
Two (2) Independent Clauses and
One of the Creamy Center Items in
the Middle = Compound Sentence
Three Ways to Join One
Complete Sentence to Another
Creamy Center made of a…Comma and
Coordinating Conjunction (aka FANBOYS)
Creamy Center made of a…semicolon,
conjunctive adverb, and a comma
Creamy Center made of just a…
semicolon
Comma and a Coordinating Conjunction
Comma and Coordinating
Conjunction (AKA-FANBOYS)
Independent Clause
,for
,and
,nor
,but
,or
,yet
,so
Independent Clause
Oreos are delicious, but
some ill-minded people
might disagree with me.
Note the complete
sentence (whole
cookie) on both sides
of the creamy center.
; Conjunctive Adverb,
also
however
otherwise
consequently
indeed
similarly
finally
likewise
then
furthermore
moreover
therefore
hence
nevertheless
thus
nonetheless
Independent Clause
Independent Clause
Oreos are delicious; however,
some ill-minded people might
disagree with me.
Creamy Center Semicolon Style
Use the simple
semicolon to join two
independent clauses
when using a pronoun
that directly relates to
the subject in the
clause before it or
when you are
presenting a
juxtaposition (two
opposing ideas).
Independent Clause
;
Independent Clause
;
Oreo cookies are delicious with milk they are also
delicious with ice-cream.
;
A vote for Oreos is a vote for happiness voting otherwise
will end in doom.
There’s One More Cookie Type
Did me hear
“more cookie?”
It’s two times the chocolate fun;
It’s creamy; It’s fudgalicious…
It’s the Compound/Complex
Sentence
my…
oh…
gimme
gimme
gimme
gimme
The Compound/Complex Sentence
combines
Loose Fudge (a dependent clause)
with an Oreo (compound sentence)
Dependent clauses need an independent
clause to be a sentence; with a compound
sentence, they get two!
+
=
The Compound/Complex Sentence
The creamy center still joins the two
independent clauses of the Oreo with:
1. a comma and a conjunction;
2. a semicolon, conjunctive adverb, and comma;
3. or just a semicolon
All wrapped up in Loose Fudge goodness.
Let’s Practice
Janet took her time to feed all the animals
before sunset, but her paced quickened
when the storm clouds rolled in.
After Sarah played her heart out, the judges
gasped in surprise; they were clearly
impressed.
Jake watched as the bus pulled away, yet he
did not hurry after it.
Let’s Practice
I will take the back seat, so you can take the
front.
The class studied diligently for the exam;
nearly everyone passed.
Waiting for the test results, Tammy paced
the hospital corridor; however, pacing did
nothing to calm her nerves.
Now We Review
Simple Sentence
one
cookie
one
clause
simple
sentence
Chocolate chips, or oatmeal, or raisins
are like extra details MIXED into the
independent clause.
Complex Sentence
one independent clause
add a dependent clause
and another dependent
clause (if you want)
It doesn’t matter how many
DEPENDENT clauses you add.
Compound Sentence
one independent clause
another independent clause
and more independent clauses (if you want)
joined together by a comma and a
coordinating conjunction; a semicolon, conjunctive adverb, and a
comma; or just a semi-colon
Compound/Complex
two or more independent clauses
joined together by a comma and a
coordinating conjunction; a semi-colon,
conjunctive adverb, and a comma; or just
a semi-colon
one or more dependent clauses
Remember . . .
Punctuation of
your sentence
depends where
the clauses join.
Are you ready for your Cookie
Test? Get your toothpick ready!
What type of cookie or sentence do you see
?
1. Making cookies with you has been divine.
2. Since we have been enjoying some delicious cookies, I
hope you have learned something valuable.
3. After you have eaten this many cookies, you should brush
your teeth, or your teeth will most likely rot out.
4. Cookie monster and I hope you don’t forget your
sentences; therefore, we will give you a handout to study.
5. Your Cookie Grammar test is coming soon but not too soon.
6. It’s been a delectable, cookielicious time, y’all!
Thank you for coming!