Transcript Document

Introduction
Chapters 1 and 2
What is sports nutrition?
• A specialization within the nutrition field
• Requires knowledge of both nutrition and exercise
science
• Goes beyond general health and wellness
• Sports nutrition involves:
– Providing energy for physical activity and/or
competition
– Providing nutrients for repair, recovery, and
adaptation to physical training
– Designing practical dietary strategies to achieve
above goals
Why study sports nutrition?
• It is a new and exciting area of study.
• It is an area that is generating lots of research
interest.
• Job opportunities are growing for those with sports
nutrition backgrounds.
• It is a great adjunct to anyone involved in the
fitness/exercise industry.
What are the basic nutrients?
• Macronutrients
– Carbohydrates
– Proteins
– Fats
• Micronutrients
– Vitamins
– Minerals
• Water
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What are carbohydrates?
• Composed of sugars
(i.e., glucose)
• Sugars are compounds
made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen
• Provide the body with
energy (4 kcals/gram)
• Found in many foods,
mostly in grains, fruits,
and vegetables
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What are proteins?
• Composed of amino acids
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– Essential
– Nonessential
Made of carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, and nitrogen
Involved in growth and repair
of body tissues
Found in many foods, but
mostly in dairy and meats
Provide some energy
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Photo © Mark Adams/Superstock
What are fats?
• Also known as lipids
• Serve as a concentrated
form of energy
(9kcals/gram)
• Provide structure to body
tissues
– Nerves
– Cell membranes
• Are concentrated in
foods such as butter, oils,
and meats
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What are vitamins?
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Micronutrients
Composed of carbon and other elements
Must be obtained from diet
Are essential to at least one vital process
Are found in nearly all foods, particularly fruits and
vegetables
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Vitamin Classifications
• Water soluble
– B-vitamins
–C
• Fat soluble
–A
–D
–E
–K
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What are minerals?
• Micronutrients
• Composed of elements other than carbon
• Serve important structural, electrical, and
chemical roles in the body
© Jones and Bartlett Publishers
Mineral Classifications
• Major (requirements: >100
mg/day)
– Calcium
– Sodium
– Potassium
– Chloride and others
• Minor
(requirements:<100 mg/day)
– Iron
– Zinc
– Copper
– Iodine and others
What is water?
• H2O
• 55 to 60% of body
weight
• Essential for life
– Temperature
regulation
– Lubrication
– Transport
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How does the body produce energy?
• Carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins are metabolized.
• Energy is released.
• Adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) is formed.
• ATP is the “direct”
source of energy for
muscle activity.
Progressing on into Unit 2: Nutrients
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Objectives
The Digestive System
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Minerals, Vitamins, Water
Energy
The Digestive System
• What is digestion?
• What do the mouth, esophagus,
stomach, small intestine and
large intestine do?
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http://www.ciccaracas.org/departments/science/Topic5.php
Carbohydrates
• There are 3 classifications of carbohydrates, what
are their names and what are some food sources
we commonly eat that contain them?
• What enzyme is secreted in the saliva to aid in
breaking down carbohydrates?
• In which area of the body does a majority of
carbohydrates break down?
• What are some enzymes that are secreted to break
down certain carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates (cont’d)
• Absorption can occur by 4 different
methods:
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Passive diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Endocytosis
• How are carbohydrates transferred to cells?
Fats
• What enzyme is secreted in the saliva to
first break down fat?
• What enzyme is secreted in the stomach to
further break down fat?
• What hormones are released in the small
intestine to digest fats?
Fats (cont’d)
• What are the names of the particles that
transfer fats to cells?
• Please refer to Figure 2.13 on page 37 in
your book for a great depiction of how fats
are broken down
Proteins
• What is the name of the building blocks that
make up proteins?
• Where does the majority of protein
digestion occur?
• What enzymes are secreted to aid in protein
digestion?
• How are proteins transported to cells?
Proteins (cont’d)
• So after breaking down proteins into amino acids,
what happens next?
• Transcription: Specific instruction
• mRNA: Genetic set of instructions on how to
make the protein
• Ribosomes: Build protein
• Translation: Ribosomes read mRNA segment and
begin attaching amino acids together
• tRNA: Delivering mechanism to bring the
sequence to the “protein construction site”
Energy Metabolism
• What is this? Why is it important for us to
tell our clients?
• There are 6 different classifications of
energy. What is the form that humans rely
upon? What is the direct source of all
biological processes coming from?
Energy Metabolism
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Energy Metabolism
• What is the energy system for breaking
down glucose?
• If there was no glucose available, what
energy system would occur?
• What is the energy system for breaking
down lipids?
Energy Metabolism
• Aerobic
– Oxygen enriched
– What energy systems
are aerobic?
– Provide some activities
that are aerobic
• Anaerobic
– Oxygen depleted
– What energy systems
are anaerobic?
– Provide some activities
that are anaerobic
Case Study
• Jennifer is a 42-year old tennis player. She reports her energy levels
have dropped and she has a long time recovering from long tennis
matches. She also is hungry all the time. The hunger is frustrating to
her because she is trying to maintain her weight and controlling her
total daily intake. She is eating well since she was diagnosed with
high cholesterol 2 years ago. She had met with a dietitian at the time
and made changes to her diet such as switching to non-fat foods and
eliminating dairy. Her goals are to increase her energy levels, decrease
recovery time and create a meal plan that will be healthy to her
husband and sons.
– What should be her top priority- high cholesterol, maintaining her weight,
constant hunger, low energy levels or long recovery time