Transcript 1 - Sophia

nouns
pronouns
adjectives
Parts of
Speech
verbs
prepositions
adverbs
conjunctions
interjections
1. Nouns name…
• a PERSON (girl, teacher, employee)
• a PLACE (school, )
• a THING (bus, coat, pizza, job)
• or an IDEA (love, justice, thankfulness)
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Part of
Speech
2. Nouns can be common/not specific (park)
or proper/specific (Baker Park).
3. Nouns are who or what sentences are
about (Who played ball? Jack played ball.)
(What did Jack play? Jack played ball.)
nouns
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4. Nouns are usually SUBJECTS (Jack in the
sentence above) or OBJECTS (ball in the
sentence above). A subject is the one doing
the action (doing the playing, above), while
an object is what or who is receiving the
action. SUBJECTS more often come at the
beginning of a sentence and OBJECTS toward
the end.
1. Pronouns substitute or take the place of
nouns
she (the woman); his (John’s); it (the statue)
2. Otherwise, sentences would sound quite
funny… Julie took Julie’s umbrella to work
today, and Julie’s umbrella dropped and
broke!
pronouns
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Part of
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Instead… Julie took her umbrella to
work today, and it dropped and
broke!
3. Some of the more common
pronouns are I, me, mine, you,
yours, he, him, his, she, her,
hers, it, we, our, ours, us, they,
their, theirs, them.
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Part of
Speech
1. Adjectives describe a noun or pronoun.
Sometimes we say they MODIFY (describe)
a noun or pronoun.
The colorful fish swam upstream.
Sam could only carry a few books because
of her broken right arm.
I love the gorgeous weather we’ve been 2. Often, an adjective answers the
having in our sunny state of Florida!
following questions: what kind, how
much, how many, or which one?
The children had chocolate ice cream.
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adjectives
3. Adjectives called articles include
words like a, an, & the…
a timeline, an apple, the answer.
4. Adjectives may follow a verb such as
is, seems, feels, or appears.
The test seems difficult.
My shirt appears dirty and torn.
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1. Verbs show action or link the subject to
another word in the sentence.
The police arrested the bank robber.
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Part of
Speech
2. Verbs are the main part of the predicate
(part of the sentence telling what the
subject is doing, more often in the second
half of the sentence).
3. Verbs can be broken down into
Eager students rushed out the school doors.
three types:
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
ACTION (blows, screeches, takes,
sings)
LINKING (is, are, was, were, am,
being, been, smell, look, taste,
remain, feel, appear, sound, seem,
become, grow, stand, turn)
HELPING (shall, will, should, would,
could, must, can, may, have, had,
has, do, did, does)
verbs
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1. Adverbs describe…
a VERB (Jackie left the game early.)
an ADJECTIVE (That ride was scary!)
or ANOTHER ADVERB (I very quietly
tiptoed out.)
2. Adverbs generally answer the following
questions in a sentence: HOW, WHEN,
WHERE, HOW OFTEN, or HOW MUCH.
adverbs
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Part of
Speech
3. Sometimes we say that an adverb
MODIFIES. That means “describes”
or gives more information about.
4. Many (though not all) adverbs end
in ‘ly.’ (carefully, respectfully,
nicely, eagerly, exactly, precisely,
hungrily).
5. Some negative words are adverbs,
such as not, never, nowhere, rarely,
hardly, barely.
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1. Prepositions show position or direction, or
can show some other relationship between
nouns or pronouns in a sentence.
The mouse snuck under the rug.
I found my purse at the service counter.
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Part of
Speech
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2. Prepositions always BEGIN a phrase, called a
prepositional phrase, which contains a noun
or pronoun, plus other modifying words.
{
behind the door
among the crowd
next to my house
at her party
3. Common prepositions include the
following (though there are many more):
prepositions
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about
above
across
after
against
along
around
at
between
before
beneath
by
down
during
except for
for
from
in
of
off
on
over
out
throughout
to
toward
under
until
up
upon
with
within
1. Conjunctions CONNECT single words or
groups of words/phrases.
The test was long and hard!
We can rest here or go a little farther.
I would have gone, but I got sick.
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Part of
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* COORDINATING
connect eaual words, phrases, or clauses
Robert scrubbed the floor and fell asleep.
3. Three types of conjunctions exist:
coordinating, correlative, subordinate * CORRELATIVE
used in pairs to connect words or groups of
words (either/or, neither/nor)
Either the dog obeys, or he’s gone!
* SUBORDINATE
introduces a clause that cannot stand alone
in a sentence (known as a dependent clause)
After seeing the sky, I knew it would storm.
4. Here are a few sample conjunctions…
and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet, either/or, as/so,
after, although, as, because, if, since, so,
though, unless, until, when, where, while
2. Think of conjunctions as links.
conjunctions
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1. Interjections are words that show great
emotion/feeling or surprise. They may be
considered slang and are used more in
conversation.
Wow! Yuck!
2. Interjections are usually set off by
commas or exclamation marks.
Hey, you’re up so early today!
Yikes! That’s scary.
interjections
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Part of
Speech
3. Some common interjections include the
following:
Ah
Aha
Aw
Bam
Bang
Bummer
Cool
Drats
Eek
Gee
Gosh
Grrr
Ha
Hey
Hooray
Oh
Oh boy
Oh no
Oops
Ouch
Pop
Rats
Ugh
Uh huh
Yeah
Yuck
Yum
Well
Whack
Whew
Wow
nouns
pronouns
adjectives
Parts of
Speech
verbs
prepositions
adverbs
conjunctions
interjections