Transcript Describing People - Blog Sivitas STIKOM Surabaya

Reported Speech
Reported / Indirect Speech
When using indirect or reported speech, the
form changes. Usually indirect speech is
introduced by the verb said, as in I said, Bill
said, or they said. Using the verb say in this
tense, indicates that something was said in the
past. In these cases, the main verb in the
reported sentence is put in the past. If the
main verb is already in a past tense, then the
tense changes to another past tense; it can
almost be seen as moving even further into
the past.
• : I don’t like it.
• : I hate it.
• A: Amy, how did you get to class today?
• B: I came by car.
• A: Sorry, I didn’t get that. Yvonne, what
did Amy say?
• C: He said __________________.
• A: Thanks.
• A: Amy, how did you get to class today?
• B: I came by car.
• A: Sorry, I didn’t get that. Yvonne, what
did Amy say?
• C: He said he had come by car.
• A: Thanks.
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
simple present
simple past
He said, “I go to school every day.” He said (that) he went to school
every day.
simple past
He said, “I went to school every
day.”
past perfect
He said (that) he had gone to
school every day.
present perfect
past perfect
He said, “I have gone to school He said (that) he had gone to
every day.”
school every day.
present progressive
He said, “I am going to school
every day.”
past progressive
He said (that) he was going to
school every day.
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
past progressive
perfect progressive
He said, “I was going to school He said (that) he had been
every day.”
going to school every day,
future (will)
He said, “I will go to school
every day.”
would + verb name
He said (that) he would go to
school every day.
future (going to)
He said, “I am going to school
every day.”
present progressive
He said (that) he is going to
school every day.
past progressive
He said (that) he was going to
school every day
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
auxiliary + verb name
He said, “Do you go to school
every day?”
He said, “Where do you go to
school?”
simple past
He asked me if I went to school
every day.*
He asked me where I went to
school.
*Note than when a Yes/No
question is being asked in direct
speech, then a construction with
if or whether is used. If a WH
question is being asked, then
use the WH to introduce the
clause.
imperative
infinitive
He said, “Go to school every day.” He said to go to school every day.
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I’m sorry I’m late.
These salads are delicious.
What time is it? I don’t have a watch.
Excuse me, I’m looking for my husband/wife.
Do those pizzas have meat in them? I’m a
vegetarian.
• I have a PhD from Harvard University.
• Do we know each other?
• Remember me? We met at last year’s party.
• The Indonesian foreign minister said that the summit was held
not only as an ordinary meeting to commemorate old
memories of cooperation among members of the two
continents, but to help create a better future.
• The gallery's 16th century curator Dr Tarnya Cooper said the
fake image of Shakespeare could be found on the cover of a
number of Shakespeare editions found in book shops.
• Sitting in the place where Pope John Paul II lay in state
following his death, Benedict thanked the cardinals for their
support and faith.
• Hamish Hamilton and The Rude Corp claim that Madonna
owes them $175,000 (£91,000) in directing and production
fees.
• Judge Garzon says Spain was a key base for hiding, helping,
recruiting and financing al-Qaeda members
Reported Speech: Statement
• 1) If the sentence starts in the present, there
is no backshift of tenses in Reported
speech.
Example: Susan: "I work in an office."
Susan says that she works in an office.
• 2) If the sentence starts in the past, there is
often backshift of tenses in Reported
speech. (see: Note)
Example: Susan: "I work in an office."
Susan said that she worked in an office.
Reported Speech: Statement
•If the sentence contains an expression of
time, you must change it as well.
•Peter: "I worked in the garden yesterday."
Peter said that he had worked in the
garden the day before.
Complete the sentences in reported speech (no backshift). Note the change
of pronouns and verbs.
• Helen: I want to tell you something about my holiday in London.
• Gareth: What does she say?
• You: She says that __________________
• Helen: I went to London in July.
• Gareth: What does she say?
• You: She says that ________________
• Helen: My parents went with me.
• Gareth: What does she say?
• You: She says that _________________
• Helen: We spent three days in London.
• Gareth: What does she say?
• You: She says that _____________________
Complete the sentences in reported speech (no backshift). Note the change
of pronouns and verbs.
• Helen: I want to tell you something about my holiday in London.
• Gareth: What does she say?
• You: She says that she wants to tell us something about her holiday in
London.
• Helen: I went to London in July.
• Gareth: What does she say?
• You: She says that she went to London in July.
• Helen: My parents went with me.
• Gareth: What does she say?
• You: She says that her parents went with her.
• Helen: We spent three days in London.
• Gareth: What does she say?
• You: She says that they spent three days in London.
• Helen: Me and my parents visited the Tower.
• Gareth: What does she say?
• You: She says that _____________
• Helen: One evening we went to see a musical.
• Gareth: What does she say?
• You: She says that ____________
• Helen: I love London.
• Gareth: What does she say?
• You: She says that __________
• Helen: Me and my parents visited the Tower.
• Gareth: What does she say?
• You: She says that she and her parents visited the Tower.
• Helen: One evening we went to see a musical.
• Gareth: What does she say?
• You: She says that one evening they went to see a musical.
• Helen: I love London.
• Gareth: What does she say?
• You: She says that she loves London.
1) John:"Mandy is at home."
John said that ________________
2) Max:"Frank often reads a book."
Max told me that _________________.
3) Susan:"I'm watching TV."
Susan said to me that ______________
4) Simon:"David was ill."
Simon said that _______________
5) Peggy:"The girls helped in the house."
Peggy told me that ________________
6) Richard:"I am going to ride a skateboard."
Richard said to me that ___________________
7) Stephen and Claire:"We have cleaned the windows."
Stephen and Claire told me that ______________
8) Charles:"I didn't have time to do my homework."
Charles remarked that _______________
9) Mrs Jones:"My mother will be 50 years old."
Mrs Jones told me that ___________________
10) Jean:"The boss must sign the letter."
Jean said that _____________.
1) John:"Mandy is at home."
John said that Mandy was at home.
2) Max:"Frank often reads a book."
Max told me that Frank often read a book.
3) Susan:"I'm watching TV."
Susan said to me that she was watching TV.
4) Simon:"David was ill."
Simon said that David had been ill.
5) Peggy:"The girls helped in the house."
Peggy told me that the girls had helped in the house.
6) Richard:"I am going to ride a skateboard."
Richard said to me that he was going to ride a skateboard.
7) Stephen and Claire:"We have cleaned the windows."
Stephen and Claire told me that they had cleaned the windows.
8) Charles:"I didn't have time to do my homework."
Charles remarked that he hadn't had time to do his homework.
9) Mrs Jones:"My mother will be 50 years old."
Mrs Jones told me that her mother would be 50 years old.
10) Jean:"The boss must sign the letter."
Jean said that the boss had to sign the letter.
1) Emily:"Our teacher will go to Leipzig tomorrow."
Emily said that ___________
2) Helen:"I was writing a letter yesterday."
Helen told me that _________
3) Robert:"My father flew to Dallas last year."
Robert told me that _________
4) Lisa:"Tim went to the stadium an hour ago."
Lisa said that _________
5) Patricia:"My mother will celebrate her birthday next weekend."
Patricia said that __________
6) Michael:"I am going to read a book this week."
Michael said to me that _________
7) Jason and Victoria:"We will do our best in the exams tomorrow."
Jason and Victoria told me that ________
8) Andrew:"We didn't eat fish two days ago."
Andrew remarked that _________
9) Alice:"I spent all my pocket money on Monday."
Alice complained that ________
10) David:"John had already gone at six."
David said that ________
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Emily:"Our teacher will go to Leipzig tomorrow."
Emily said that their teacher would go to Leipzig the next day.
2) Helen:"I was writing a letter yesterday."
Helen told me that she had been writing a letter the day before.
3) Robert:"My father flew to Dallas last year."
Robert told me that his father had flown to Dallas the year before.
4) Lisa:"Tim went to the stadium an hour ago."
Lisa said that Tim had gone to the stadium an hour before.
5) Patricia:"My mother will celebrate her birthday next weekend."
Patricia said that her mother would celebrate her birthday the following
weekend.
6) Michael:"I am going to read a book this week."
Michael said to me that he was going to read a book that week.
7) Jason and Victoria:"We will do our best in the exams tomorrow."
Jason and Victoria told me that they would do their best in the exams the next
day.
8) Andrew:"We didn't eat fish two days ago."
Andrew remarked that they hadn't eaten fish two days before.
9) Alice:"I spent all my pocket money on Monday."
Alice complained that she had spent all her pocket money on Monday.
10) David:"John had already gone at six."
David said that John had already gone at six.
Reported Command
• If you put a command into Reported speech there are
some steps which are the same like in statements:
(changing of the person, backshift of tenses, changing of
expressions of time).
• The form is mostly: form of to tell + to + infinitive.
• Affirmative commands
Father: "Do your homework.“
Father told me to do my homework.
• Negative commands
Teacher. "Don't talk to your neighbour.“
The teacher told me not to talk to my neighbour.
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1) Andrew: "Clean the blue bike!"
Andrew told me .
2) Jessica: "Write a text message!"
Jessica told me .
3) Nelly: "Help Peter's sister!"
Nelly told me .
4) Fred: "Wash your hands!"
Fred told me .
5) Anna: "Open the window!"
Anna told me .
6) Tom: "Come at 8!"
Tom told me .
7) Teacher: "Do your homework!"
The teacher told me .
8) Doris: "Dance with me!"
Doris told me .
9) Sabine: "Meet Sandy at the station!"
Sabine told me .
10) Victoria: "Check your e-mails!"
Victoria told me .
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1) Karen: "Don't play football in the garden!"
Karen told me .
2) Teacher: "Don't forget your homework!"
The teacher reminded me .
3) Mike: "Don't shout at Peter!"
Mike told me .
4) Yvonne: "Don't talk to your neighbour!"
Yvonne told me .
5) Denise: "Don't open the door!"
Denise told me .
6) Marcel: "Don't sing that song!"
Marcel reminded me .
7) Jane: "Don't watch the new film!"
Jane advised me .
8) Walter: "Don't ring Romy on Sunday!"
Walter told me .
9) Lisa: "Don't fly via Paris!"
Lisa advised me .
10) Jamie: "Don't eat so much junk food!"
Jamie reminded me .
Reported Questions
• If you put a question into Reported speech there are some
steps which are the same like in statements: (changing of
the person, backshift of tenses, changing of expressions of
time).
• In Reported speech there is no question anymore, the
sentence becomes a statement.
That's why the word order is: subject - verb
• Question without question words (yes/no questions):
Peter: "Do you play football?" - Peter asked me whether
(if) I played football.
• Question with question words:
Peter: "When do you play football?" - Peter asked me
when I played football.
1) Christopher:"Do you want to dance?"
Christopher asked me ____________.
2) Betty:"When did you come?"
Betty wanted to know _____________
3) Mark:"Has John arrived?"
Mark asked me ______________.
4) Ronald:"Where does Maria park her car?"
Ronald asked me ______________.
5) Elisabeth:"Did you watch the latest film?"
Elisabeth asked me _________________.
6) Mandy:"Can I help you?"
Mandy wanted to know ____________.
7) Andrew:"Will Mandy have lunch with Sue?"
Andrew asked me __________________.
8) Justin:"What are you doing?"
Justin asked me ______________.
9) Frank:"How much pocket money does Lisa get?"
Frank wanted to know __________.
10)Anne:"Must I do the shopping?"
Anne asked _____________.
1) Christopher:"Do you want to dance?"
Christopher asked me if I wanted to dance.
2) Betty:"When did you come?"
Betty wanted to know when I had come
3) Mark:"Has John arrived?"
Mark asked me if John had arrived.
4) Ronald:"Where does Maria park her car?"
Ronald asked me where Maria parked her car.
5) Elisabeth:"Did you watch the latest film?"
Elisabeth asked me if I had watched the latest film.
6) Mandy:"Can I help you?"
Mandy wanted to know if she could help me.
7) Andrew:"Will Mandy have lunch with Sue?"
Andrew asked me if Mandy would have lunch with Sue.
8) Justin:"What are you doing?"
Justin asked me what I was doing.
9) Frank:"How much pocket money does Lisa get?"
Frank wanted to know how much pocket money Lisa got.
10)Anne:"Must I do the shopping?"
Anne asked if she had to do the shopping.
• Q: Tom said, 'I want to visit my friends this
weekend.'
• Tom said he wants to visit his friends that weekend.
Tom said he wanted to visit his friends that weekend.
Tom said he wanted to visit his friends this weekend.
• Q: Jerry said, 'I'm studying English a lot at the
moment.'
• Jerry said he was studying English a lot at that
moment.
Jerry said he was studying English a lot at the
moment.
Jerry said I was studying English a lot at that moment.
• Q: Tom said, 'I want to visit my friends this
weekend.' (B)
• Tom said he wants to visit his friends that weekend.
Tom said he wanted to visit his friends that weekend.
Tom said he wanted to visit his friends this weekend.
• Q: Jerry said, 'I'm studying English a lot at the
moment.' (A)
• Jerry said he was studying English a lot at that
moment.
Jerry said he was studying English a lot at the
moment.
Jerry said I was studying English a lot at that moment.
• Q: They said, 'We've lived here for a long time.'
• They said they have lived there for a long time.
They said they lived here for a long time.
They said they had lived there for a long time.
• Q: He asked me, 'Have you finished reading the
newspaper?'
• He asked me if had I finished reading the newspaper.
He asked me if I had finished reading the newspaper.
He asked me if I finished reading the newspaper.
• Q: They said, 'We've lived here for a long time.' C
• They said they have lived there for a long time.
They said they lived here for a long time.
They said they had lived there for a long time.
• Q: He asked me, 'Have you finished reading the
newspaper?' B
• He asked me if had I finished reading the newspaper.
He asked me if I had finished reading the newspaper.
He asked me if I finished reading the newspaper.
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Mr. Smith: "Are you a student?"
"What did Mr. Smith say?"
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Ms. Washington: "What is your name?"
"What did Ms. Washington say?"
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Teacher: "Stand up, please, Maurice!"
"What did the teacher say?"
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Mr. Brown: "Don't speak now, Melissa!"
"What did Mr. Brown say?"
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Miss Claymore: "One month ago, I warned you to study for that test!"
"What did the Miss Claymore say?"
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Mr. Jones: "I will teach you how to do research on the Web."
"What did the Mr. Jones say?"