Transcript Intranet Administration

CS-610
IGNOU
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PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
A prepositional phrase is a phrase consisting of
a preposition and the noun following it.
Example;
in bed
on top
Prepositional phrase can be adjectival or
adverbial
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PARTICIPIAL PHRASES
A participial phrase begins with a participle, that is, either the
present participle (the –ing form of the verb) or the past participlethe third(-ed, -en) form of the verb used as an adjective.
EXAMPLES:
The prolonged (past participle)
Treasured memories (past participle )
The slow drizzling sound of rain (present participle)
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PHRASAL VERBS
• A phrasal verb is a group of words that acts
like a verb and consists usually of a verb
with an adverb and/or a preposition.
EXAMPLES:
get by (= continue one’s way of life)
use up (=finish completely)
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THE PASSIVE VOICE
• Simple present and past
= is/am/are/was/were + past participle
• Present and past continuous
=is/am/are/was/were +being +past participle
• Present and past perfect
= has/had + been +past participle
• Simple future
=will + be + past participle
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GERUND
• A gerund is a verbal noun, that is, a noun
which describes an action or experience and
has the form of a present participle (the –ing
form)
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PARTICIPLE
• Participle are the two forms of a verb
(called present participle and past participle
) which may be used in compound forms of
the verb or as adjectives.
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TONE GROUPS
• A longer sentence is usually divided into
what may be called breath groups or sense
groups. We also call them tone groups.
• EXAMPLE
• Then I went to see him/he was still in bed.
• The tone group division is shown by the
oblique bar/
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THE NUCLEUS
• The last important word in each group has
what is called the nucleus. On the stressed
syllable of this word there is a movement of
the pitch of the speaker’s voice from high
low to high.
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TONE
• The change in pitch from high to low is
known as the falling tone, and the change in
pitch from low to high is known as the
rising tone.
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SUMMARIZING
• TECHNIQUES OF SUMMARIZING
(1) Read the whole passage carefully
(2) Select the important points
(3) Use linking devices
(4) Give them unity
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VISUAL AIDS
•
•
1)
2)
3)
Tables
Charts and graphs
Line Graphs
Bar Graphs
Flow Charts
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CONDITIONS
• DECRIBING CONDITIONS
• DESCRIBING PROCESSES
(1)How things are made
(2) How instruments and apparatus are to be
used
(3) How to apply for a passport or a post
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COMPOSITION
• WRITING A NARRATIVE
COMPOSITION
(1) Where to look for ideas
(2) How to select your Topic
(3) Treatment of the Topic
(4) Finding the Material
• A FACTUAL REPORT
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ARTICLES
• A , AN AND THE ARE CALLED
ARTICLE
• A and an are called indefinite articles
• The is called definite articles
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SUFFIXES
• The ending – ‘ist’ in ‘geologist’ and
‘scientist’ refers to the people who are
associated with the study of the earth’s
history and science respectively. Similarly,
there are other ending such as an, -ian, -er,
and –or used for this purpose.
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CONJUNCTIONS
Conjunctions are words that join words, clauses, etc. These words
are also known as linking or joining words. ‘And’ , ‘but’,
‘because’, ‘although’, ‘conversely’ .When the writer wants to
express that what has been said before is true or correct, but what
follow is, in contrast, also true or correct, the following
conjunctions are used : but, although, though, however,
nevertheless, on the other hand, inspite of, nonetheless, despite
that, even if, even though.
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SYNONYMS
 Approachable ___________
 Periods _________
 Covered _______
 Parts _______
 Grown _______
 Clear ______
 Easily ______
 Composition ___________
 Prepare _______
 Control PCTI
______
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ANTONYMS
•
•
•
•
•
Expansion ______
Huge ______
A few ______
Neglecting ______
United _______
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Characteri Monster Mini
Micro
Main frame
stics
computer computer computer computer
Size
Storage
capacity
Speed
Cost
No. of
user
Served at
a time
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S.N Terms
Group
o.
1. A computer Electronic
device
2. A
A person
programmer
Characteristics
Processes information
Prepares programmes to
solve problems
3.
Artificial
A machine Emulates human
intelligence
processes
4.
A disk drive A drive
Capable of transmitting
magnetic impulses from
the disk to the computer
memory and vice-versa.
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S.No Terms
Group
Characteristics
5
Fortran
A high level
Used for mathematical
programming and scientific problems
6
A printer
An output
device
7
A
transistor
A small
Operates as an
semiconductor amplifier
8
A memory A
Store information in
chip
semiconductor the form of electrical
device
charges
Changes the output
data into printed form
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WORD FORMATION
An English word can be divided into three parts: a
prefix, a stem and suffix. A prefix comes before the
stem and a suffix is what is attached to the end of the
stem. For example in the word undependable, un- is a
prefix, depend is a stem and –able is a suffix. Prefix
usually change the meaning of the word. For example,
un- gives the word dependable a negative meaning.
Suffix, on the other hand, change the word from one
part of speech to another
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COMPARISON
The use of comparison is very common both in our speech and
writing. Sometimes a comparison is made in order to show that
the item compared are the same or similar. In such cases words
or instructions such as the following are generally used.
Are similar, as……as, each, both, equally, either,all
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