Transcript Reviewing Basic Sentence Patterns

Lesson 20
Joseph C. Blumenthal
Few people notice the sign.
The noun sign is the direct object of the verb ______.
Few people notice the sign.
The noun sign is the direct object of the verb notice.
A few people notice the sign.
b. Few people notice who directs a movie.
a.
The clause who directs a movie in sentence b does the
same job as the noun sign in sentence a.
Both are _____ _____ of the verb notice.
A few people notice the sign.
b. Few people notice who directs a movie.
a.
The clause who directs a movie in sentence b does the
same job as the noun sign in sentence a.
Both are direct objects of the verb notice.
Few people notice the sign.
b. Few people notice who directs a movie.
a.
Because the clause who directs a movie in sentence b is
used just like the noun sign in sentence a, it is a
_____ clause.
Few people notice the sign.
b. Few people notice who directs a movie.
a.
Because the clause who directs a movie in sentence b is
used just like the noun sign in sentence a, it is a
noun clause.
The choice between who and whom, when they start
noun clauses, depends upon their use within the
clause.
who directs a movie
The clause signal who is the subject of the verb _____.
The choice between who and whom, when they start
noun clauses, depends upon their use within the
clause.
who directs a movie
The clause signal who is the subject of the verb directs.
Use the subject form who for subjects and subject
complements; use the object form whom for
objects of verbs and prepositions.
who directs a movie
We use the subject from who because it is the (subject,
direct object) of the verb directs.
Use the subject form who for subjects and subject
complements; use the object form whom for
objects of verbs and prepositions.
who directs a movie
We use the subject from who because it is the (subject,
direct object) of the verb directs.
Few people notice who directs a movie.
Be careful to avoid the mistake of thinking that the
clause signal is the direct object of the verb notice
and therefore requires the object form whom.
The direct object of the verb notice is not the clause
signal but the entire noun _____.
Few people notice who directs a movie.
Be careful to avoid the mistake of thinking that the
clause signal is the direct object of the verb notice
and therefore requires the object form whom.
The direct object of the verb notice is not the clause
signal but the entire noun clause.
WRONG: Few people notice whom directs a movie.
The object from whom is wrong because the clause
signal is not the object of the verb notice but the
subject of the verb ______ within the clause.
WRONG: Few people notice whom directs a movie.
The object from whom is wrong because the clause
signal is not the object of the verb notice but the
subject of the verb directs within the clause.
Now we shall change the wording of our sentence.
Few people notice who the director was.
The direct object of the verb notice is not the clause
signal who but the entire noun _____.
Now we shall change the wording of our sentence.
Few people notice who the director was.
The direct object of the verb notice is not the clause
signal who but the entire noun clause.
who the director was
Within the noun clause, the subject of the linking verb
was is not who but _______.
who the director was
Within the noun clause, the subject of the linking verb
was is not who but director.
who the director was
When we straighten out this clause by putting the
subject first, we get:
the director was who
Since who completes the linking verb was, it is a
(subject compliment, direct object).
who the director was
When we straighten out this clause by putting the
subject first, we get:
the director was who
Since who completes the linking verb was, it is a
(subject compliment, direct object).
Few people notice (who, whom) the director was.
Because the clause signal is a subject complement, we
use the subject from (who, whom).
Few people notice (who, whom) the director was.
Because the clause signal is a subject complement, we
use the subject from (who, whom).
WRONG: Few people notice whom the director was.
The object from whom is wrong because the clause
signal is not the object of the verb notice.
The object of the verb notice is the entire _____
_____.
WRONG: Few people notice whom the director was.
The object from whom is wrong because the clause
signal is not the object of the verb notice.
The object of the verb notice is the entire noun
clause.
Now we shall put the same idea in a different way:
Few people pay any attention to the director.
The noun director is the object of the preposition ___.
Now we shall put the same idea in a different way:
Few people pay any attention to the director.
The noun director is the object of the preposition to.
Few people pay any attention to the director.
b. Few people pay any attention to who directs a
movie.
a.
In sentence a, the object of the preposition to is the
noun director.
In sentence b, the object of the preposition to is the
noun clause _________________.
Few people pay any attention to the director.
b. Few people pay any attention to who directs a
movie.
a.
In sentence a, the object of the preposition to is the
noun director.
In sentence b, the object of the preposition to is the
noun clause who directs a movie.
Few people pay any attention to who directs a movie.
Within the noun clause, the subject of the verb directs
is the clause signal ____.
Few people pay any attention to who directs a movie.
Within the noun clause, the subject of the verb directs
is the clause signal who.
WRONG: Few people pay any attention to whom
directs a movie.
The object form whom is wrong because the clause
signal is not the object of the preposition to but
the subject of the verb ______ within the clause.
WRONG: Few people pay any attention to whom
directs a movie.
The object form whom is wrong because the clause
signal is not the object of the preposition to but
the subject of the verb directs within the clause.
Few people pay any attention to who directs a
movie.
How do we know that the clause signal is not the
object of the preposition to?
If the clause signal who(m) were the object of the
preposition to, the clause would have no (subject,
object).
Few people pay any attention to who directs a
movie.
How do we know that the clause signal is not the
object of the preposition to?
If the clause signal who(m) were the object of the
preposition to, the clause would have no (subject,
object).
Now let us look at another sentence:
The producers must consider whom a movie
might offend.
The pronoun whom cannot be the subject of the verb
might offend because the verb already has a
subject, the noun ______.
Now let us look at another sentence:
The producers must consider whom a movie
might offend.
The pronoun whom cannot be the subject of the verb
might offend because the verb already has a
subject, the noun movie.
whom a movie might offend
When we straighten out this clause, we get:
a movie might offend whom
The clause signal whom is the (subject, direct object)
of the verb might offend.
whom a movie might offend
When we straighten out this clause, we get:
a movie might offend whom
The clause signal whom is the (subject, direct object)
of the verb might offend.
(who, whom) a movie might offend
Because the clause signal is the direct object of the
verb might offend, we choose the object form
_____.
(who, whom) a movie might offend
Because the clause signal is the direct object of the
verb might offend, we choose the object form
whom.
The producer must consider whom a movie
might offend.
We choose the object form whom because it is the
direct object of the verb (must consider, might
offend).
The producer must consider whom a movie
might offend.
We choose the object form whom because it is the
direct object of the verb (must consider, might
offend).
To choose between who and whom in a noun clause,
see how it is used within the clause itself.
The way in which the entire noun clause is used in the
full sentence has no bearing on your choice of who
and whom. (true, false)
To decide whether to use the pronoun who or whom,
you need to look only (inside, outside) the clause.
To decide whether to use the pronoun who or whom,
you need to look only (inside, outside) the clause.
If the clause signal is the subject or subject
compliment within the clause, use the subject
form (who, whom).
If the clause signal is the subject or subject
compliment within the clause, use the subject
form (who, whom).
When a noun clause begins with whoever or
whomever, we make our choice in exactly the same
way as we did with who and whom.
Choose the correct word:
Mrs. Torrey tells (whoever, whomever) will listen
about her travels.
When a noun clause begins with whoever or
whomever, we make our choice in exactly the same
way as we did with who and whom.
Choose the correct word:
Mrs. Torrey tells (whoever, whomever) will listen
about her travels.
Mrs. Torrey tells whoever will listen about her
travels.
Whoever is correct because it is the (subject, object) of
the verb will listen within the clause.
Mrs. Torrey tells whoever will listen about her
travels.
Whoever is correct because it is the (subject, object)
of the verb will listen within the clause.
Choose the correct word:
(Whoever, Whomever) the country elects will
face serious problems.
Choose the correct word:
(Whoever, Whomever) the country elects will
face serious problems.
Whomever the country elects will face serious
problems.
Whomever is correct because it is the (subject, object)
of the verb elects within the clause.
Whomever the country elects will face serious
problems.
Whomever is correct because it is the (subject, object)
of the verb elects within the clause.
Write the following answers on your own sheet
of paper.
Choose the correct word:
1. I have great admiration for (whoever,
whomever) wrote this article.
Choose the correct word:
2. Scholars have argued about (who, whom)
wrote Shakespeare’s plays.
Choose the correct word:
3. The jury could not decide (who, whom) they
could believe.
Choose the correct word:
4. The jury could not decide (who, whom) was
telling the truth.
Choose the correct word:
5. (Whoever, Whomever) contributed this
money is a deep and dark secret.
Choose the correct word:
6. The newspaper would not reveal (who, whom)
their informant was.
HINT: Take into account that the subject of the
linking verb was is informant.
Choose the correct word:
7. The orchestra extends an invitation to
(whoever, whomever) can play a musical
instrument.
Choose the correct word:
8. Margaret Mead, the famous anthropologist,
became a friend to (whoever, whomever) she
studied.
Choose the correct word:
9. (Whoever, Whomever) wrote this courageous
editorial deserves a lot of admiration.
In conversational English, who and whoever are often
used in place of the object forms. In formal speech
or writing, however, whom and whomever are the
correct object forms.
INFORMAL: I wonder … Peggy will invite.
b. FORMAL: The public wonders … the mayor will
blame.
a.
10. The pronoun who would be considered an
error in (a, b).
The senate is likely to approve … the President
appoints.
b. You can vote for … you want.
a.
11. In which sentence would whoever be more
acceptable as conversational usage? (a, b)
You are done!!!