Transcript EDIT 6170 Instructional Design Refrigerator Slides

Domains of Learning,
Learned Capability Verbs,
and
the A-B-C-Ds of
Writing Performance Objectives
Lloyd Rieber
Gregory Clinton
University of Georgia
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Let’s begin with three of
Lloyd’s
“refrigerator slides.”
These should be quite
familiar to you now:
(Note: I have added some clarifying details to
Lloyd’s version of the Learned Capability Verbs slide.)
Learning Outcomes: Gagne’s Domains of
Learning
• Verbal Information
– Verbatim learning
– Non-verbatim learning
– Substance learning
• Affective
• Psychomotor
• Intellectual Skills
–
–
–
–
–
Problem-solving
Rule-using
Defined concepts
Concrete concepts
Discriminations
• Cognitive strategies
Learning Hierarchy
Clearly identifying learning outcomes
(“Learned Capability Verbs”)
Standard “Learned Capability Verbs”
Intellectual
Skills
(Instructional design
is best suited
for these.)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(Cognitive Strategy)
Problem-solving
Rule-using
Concepts (defined)
Concepts (concrete)
Discriminations
Verbal information
• Affective
• Psychomotor
LEARNING HIERARCHY
Domains of Learning
(Originate)
Generate
Demonstrate, predict
Classify, identify
Classify, identify
Discriminate
State, list, recite,
summarize
Choose (to)
Execute
Courses
and
Units
A good way to start identifying goals is with:
“The learner will be able to (LWBAT) generate/demonstrate/classify/identify…”
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Now, referring back to the
last three slides, let’s
break down the meaning
of Lloyd’s little jingle,
starting with the
“Audience”:
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Audience
Just like in baseball …
Someone has to BAT!
In the “sport” of writing Performance Objectives,
“TO JUST ‘KNOW’ IS A NO-NO,
TO ‘UNDERSTAND’ IS TOO BLAND,
TO ‘DO’ IS NOTHING NEW,
BUT TO ‘BAT’ IS WHERE IT’S AT!!”
(It’s better to Be Able To do something, now and
later, than to just know about it, or just to barely
do it once by the time a lesson is finished!)
So …
Who will BeAbleTo…?
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Audience
SWBAT (Students Will Be Able To …)
SWBAT
LWBAT
(whoever)WBAT
Learners
Middle school math teachers
Students
Trainees
OR
Mixing machine operators
Sales managers
Fifth grade students
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Ok, that was the
Audience. Now for the
Behavior …
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Audience
SWBAT
etc.
Behavior
Remember …
In Instructional Design
an objective is
a Performance objective.
Even if your instructional goal is about a “topic”
rather than a “task,” you still need for learners to
perform some observable behavior that shows
they learned what you are trying to teach them!
(This can even take the form of a multiple choice quiz, for
example, if you don’t have any better alternatives.)
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Audience
SWBAT
etc.
Behavior
And …
For the “Behavior” part of the objective,
there is a vital piece included with it: the
“Learned Capability Verb.”
Dr. Rieber’s rhyme mentions Learned
Capability Verb at the end of the rhyme, but
the intent is to remind you to include it with
the Behavior.
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Audience
SWBAT
etc.
Behavior
And furthermore …
Learned Capability Verbs have agreed-upon meanings
in ID.
So, decide which one is right for each objective
(according to the Domains of Learning) …
and use them!
Follow each Learned Capability verb with an ACTION
and the resulting product or performance created by that
action (the OBJECT). Taken together, that’s the
BEHAVIOR!
Thus …
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Audience
SWBAT
etc.
Behavior
generate, by taking a certain ACTION, a
specific PRODUCT or PERFORMANCE (at
the problem-solving level of intellectual
skills)
demonstrate, by taking a certain ACTION, a
specific PRODUCT or PERFORMANCE (at
the rule-using level of intellectual skills)
identify, by taking a certain ACTION (e.g., by
pointing), a specific set of items (at the
concepts level of intellectual skills)
etc.
Example:
SWBAT identify, by circling, all the polygons.
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Ok, we’ve done the
Audience and the
Behavior. Now for the
Condition …
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Audience
Behavior
SWBAT
generate, by taking a certain
action, a specific product or
performance (at the problemsolving level of intellectual skills)
etc.
demonstrate, by taking a certain
action, a specific product or
performance (at the rule-using
level of intellectual skills)
identify, by taking a certain
action, a specific set of items
(at the concepts level
of intellectual skills)
etc.
Condition
Under what conditions do you
want learners to perform this
show-you-that-they’velearned-it behavior?
What materials will be
available to them as they
perform this task?
Usually, the Condition part of
the objective goes at the
beginning.
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Audience
Behavior
Condition
SWBAT
generate, by taking a certain
action, a specific product or
performance (at the problemsolving level of intellectual skills)
Given (the
necessary
materials),
etc.
demonstrate, by taking a certain
action, a specific product or
performance (at the rule-using
level of intellectual skills)
identify, by taking a certain
action, a specific set of items
(at the concepts level
of intellectual skills)
etc.
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Condition
Audience
Behavior
Given (the
necessary
materials),
SWBAT
generate, by taking a certain
action, a specific product or
performance (at the problemsolving level of intellectual skills)
etc.
demonstrate, by taking a certain
action, a specific product or
performance (at the rule-using
level of intellectual skills)
identify, by taking a certain action,
a specific set of items
(at the concepts level
of intellectual skills)
etc.
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
We’ve now done the
Audience, the Behavior,
and the Condition. Finally,
the Degree …
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Condition
Audience
Behavior
Given (the
necessary
materials),
SWBAT
generate, by taking a certain
action, a specific product or
performance (at the problemsolving level of intellectual skills)
etc.
Degree
Is there a certain
level of
performance your
learners need to
demonstrate, by taking a certain
achieve? (To
action, a specific product or
complete at least a
performance (at the rule-using
certain number of
level of intellectual skills)
items, or respond
identify, by taking a certain action, with 80% accuracy,
a specific set of items
etc.)
(at the concepts level
of intellectual skills)
etc.
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Condition
Audience
Behavior
Degree (if appropriate)
Given (the
necessary
materials),
SWBAT
generate, by taking a certain
action, a specific product or
performance (at the problemsolving level of intellectual skills)
- at a minimum of X
completed items
etc.
demonstrate, by taking a certain
action, a specific product or
performance (at the rule-using
level of intellectual skills)
identify, by taking a certain action,
a specific set of items
(at the concepts level
of intellectual skills)
etc.
- with 80% accuracy
- etc.
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Here is the sequence again …
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Condition
Given (the
necessary
materials),
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Condition
Audience
Given (the
necessary
materials),
SWBAT
etc.
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Condition
Audience
Behavior
Given (the
necessary
materials),
SWBAT
generate, by taking a certain
action, a specific product or
performance (at the problemsolving level of intellectual skills)
etc.
demonstrate, by taking a certain
action, a specific product or
performance (at the rule-using
level of intellectual skills)
identify, by taking a certain action,
a specific set of items
(at the concepts level
of intellectual skills)
etc.
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Condition
Audience
Behavior
Degree (if appropriate)
Given (the
necessary
materials),
SWBAT
generate, by taking a certain
action, a specific product or
performance (at the problemsolving level of intellectual skills)
- at a minimum of X
completed items
etc.
demonstrate, by taking a certain
action, a specific product or
performance (at the rule-using
level of intellectual skills)
identify, by taking a certain action,
a specific set of items
(at the concepts level
of intellectual skills)
etc.
- with 80% accuracy
- etc.
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
Condition
Audience
Behavior
Degree (if appropriate)
Given (the
necessary
materials),
SWBAT
generate, by taking a certain
action, a specific product or
performance (at the problemsolving level of intellectual skills)
- at a minimum of X
completed items
etc.
demonstrate, by taking a certain
action, a specific product or
performance (at the rule-using
level of intellectual skills)
- with 80% accuracy
- etc.
identify, by taking a certain action,
a specific set of items
(at the concepts level
of intellectual skills)
etc.
Example:
Given pictures of 12 geometric figures, SWBAT identify, by circling,
all the polygons.
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
The “recipe” one last time:
Assembling Performance Objectives:
A Tried-And-True Recipe
A final disclaimer:
This is not the only “correct” way to write
performance objectives.
But it’s a MAINSTREAM approach that will serve
you well.
The End!