Transcript Beginning of the year review

Definite and indefinite articles
 Definition of an article: a small word that comes before a
noun and translates as “the, a, an, some”.
 It must match the item in number and gender.
 Definite articles refer to something specific. “the”
 Indefinite articles refer to something in general. “a, an,
some”
Indefinite
articles
Definite articles
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Masculine
el
los
Masculine
un
unos
Feminine
la
las
Feminine
una
unas
Adjectives
 Adjectives definition
 A word that describes or modifies a noun
 Adjectives in Spanish must match the noun in number
and gender
 Adjectives are generally placed after the noun in the
sentence.
El carro verde
Los carros verdes
Subject pronouns
 Subject pronouns replace the name of the person
doing the action in a sentence.
 In English they are I, you, he, she, it, we, and they.
Spanish subject pronouns
Singular
Plural
1st person
yo
Nosotros, nosotras
2nd person
tú
Vosotros, vosotras
3rd person
él
ella
ellos
ellas
usted (Ud.)
ustedes (Uds.)
Ser
 The verb ser is one of two verbs in Spanish that translates
as “to be”. The verbs are not interchangeable.
 Use ser in the following situations:
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The hour, day, and date
nationality
Occupation
Physical or character description
Religious or political affiliation
Origin
Possession
relationship of one person to another
certain impersonal expressions
where an event is taking place
essential qualities
The material something is made of
“to be” English conjugations
I am
You are
He, she, it is
We are
They are
SER
Singular
Plural
Nosotros(as)
somos
We are ____________________
1st person
Yo soy
I am = __________________
2nd person
Vosotros(as)
sois
Tú eres
You (familiar) are ____________
You all are _________________
(informal used in Spain)
3rd person
Él es
He is =____________________
Ellos son
They (m) are=_______________
ella es
She is=____________________
Ellas son
They (f) are=_______________
Ud. es
You(formal) are =___________
Ustedes son
all of you are=______________
es
son
it is=______________________
They (things) are =___________
Saying the date
 Formula =
 Es el (number) de (month)
 Exception =
 The first of the month is “Es el primero de (month)”
 Example = May 5th
 Es el cinco de mayo
 Practice: Write the following dates
 Christmas Es el veinticinco de diciembre
 New years day Es el primero de enero
 August 10th Es el diez de agosto
Time
 Telling time Formula =
 (Es/son) + (la, las) + (hour) + (y/menos) + (minutes) + (Time of day)
 At what time formula =
 A + (la, las) + (hour) + (y/menos) + (minutes) + (Time of day)
 Examples:
Es la una y diez de la tarde
 1:10 pm __________________________________________________________
Son las ocho y media de la mañana
 8:30am __________________________________________________________
Son las siete y cuarto de la noche
 7:15 pm __________________________________________________________
Son las nueve y cuarenta y cinco de la mañana
 9:45 am __________________________________________________________
Son las diez menos cuarto de la mañana
 Or_________________________________________________________
Conjugating –ar verbs
 Definitions
 Verb A word that represents an action or a state of being– “it’s what you do”
 Infinitive
 Subject
the simple or basic form of the verb, the unchanged verb with
the –ar, -er, or –ir still attached to the end of the word. Generally
means “to do something” ex: hablar – to speak
the person doing the action
Words that replace the person’s name and used as the
 Subject pronouns subject of a noun
 Conjugate
changing the verb to match the subject
 Conjugations the forms of the verb after it has been conjugated or
changed to match the subjects
Conjugating –ar verbs
 Steps
1. Take off the –ar ending.
 Hablar –ar = habl (this is called the stem)
2. Figure out who the subject is

Yo, tú, él, ella, usted, nosotros, nosotras, ellos, ellas, ustedes
3. Add the appropriate ending
o
amos
as
a
áis
an
Example:
HABLAR
Singular
Plural
hablamos
2nd Person
hablo
hablas
3rd person
habla
hablan
1st person
habláis
Irregular verbs IR, DAR, and Estar
 Conjugations and translations
Ir = __________
To go
To give
Dar = ____________
To be
Estar = ____________
voy
vamos
doy
damos
estoy
estamos
vas
vais
das
dais
estás
estáis
va
van
da
dan
está
están
IR
 The verb ir and its conjugations are generally followed
by “a”
 To say you are going to do something formula
Voy a estudiar
 (ir) + a + (infinitive)
 To say you are going to some place formula
vamos a la escuela
 (ir) + a + (article) + (noun)
 Contractions:
a
el
al
 _______
+ _______
= ________
(to the, at the)
de
el
del
 _______
+ _______
= ________
(of the, from the)
Estar
 This verb is not interchangeable with ser!
 Usage Rhyme:
 How you feel and where you are, you always use the
verb estar.
 Health, feelings, location, emotions, present
progressive tense