Transcript How to read with key words

Check lists
&
Course evaluation
Sergio Pizziconi
Plan of the day
SURVEY
https://it.surveymonkey.com/s/ABCCSITA
- Review
- A portfolio checklist
- Structure of the paper
Plan
EXTRA-CLASS work:
Keep working on your project.
Complete your portfolios.
Review: Phonology 1
Vowels: exercises from /i/ to /a/ and from /u/ to /ɒ/ (lowering your jaw)
from /i/ to /u/ mind driven; puff of air (see IPA chart). // Where accent
falls is relevant: 1) OBject (n.) – obJECT (v.), 2) if lost, stress the first
syllable, you’re likely to sound right. // Stress movement
shortens/weakens previously stressed vowels (also in writing):
proNOUNce  pronunCIAtion // This Miss /s/ unvoiced These Ms. /z/
voiced// “gh” mute (though, thought) OR /f/ (rough, tough)
Review: Phonology 2
SOURCE: CONSONANTS
References
……..
……..
CONSONANTS = Table of English consonants, retrieved URL:
https://www.llas.ac.uk/materialsbank/mb081/page_07.htm (accessed May 14, 2014).
……...
Review: Morphology 1
IRREGULAR VERBS:
choose – chose – chosen; seek – sought – sought;
Grow - ????? - ??????; Show- ????? - ??????;
Know - ????? - ??????
[report the paradigm of irregular verbs you write in your maps]
ADJ+lyADV; N+lyADJ // V+er N(s.o./s.t. does V) // To+N(and
most words)V (googleto google; wowto wow) // V + ance/ence
 N (differ+ence, perfom+ance) // Help+less
antonym help+ful //
Adj+ en  V (to make s.o./s.t Adj) //
WRONG: I want to show the differents between BMW and FIAT
RIGHT?????
Adj(max2syll.) + er  Adj (comparative: more Adj)
Adj(max2syll.) + est  Adj (superlative: most Adj)
BUT: good – better – best; bad – worse – worst //
Singular: Thesis, Analysis, Hypothesis, Axis /s/ unvoiced
Plural:
Theses, Analyses, Hypotheses Axes /z/ voiced //
Datum (sing.) Data (pl.)
Criterion, phenomenon (sing.) Criteria, phenomena (pl.)
Review: Morphology 2
Sets of personal pronouns and possessive
Personal Personal Reflexive
Possessive Possessive
Pr.
Pr.
Adjectives Pronouns
subject Non-subject
I
me
my
mine
myself
you
you
your
yours
yourself
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
its
itself
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
you (all) you (all) yourselves your
yours
they
them
theirs
themselves their
who
whom
Review: Morphology 3
My
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Your
Their
Luke’s
Possessive
mine
yours
his
hers
its
car is affordable
ours
yours
theirs
Tony’s
is expensive
Review: Morphology 4 Verb tenses 1
• Past (simple)
• Non-past: present (simple)
I go to school tomorrow
I go to school everyday
In 1776 the USA declare
their independence
NOW
Past
Non-Past
Try to be as consistent as possible!
Review: Morphology 5 Verb tenses 2
Futurity:
• Past (simple)
• Non-past: present (simple)
I go to school tomorrow
I am going to school tomorrow
I’m going to go to school tomorrow
I will go to school tomorrow
NOW
Past
Non-Past
Review: Morphology 6 Tense-aspect 3
• Past (simple)
They usually refer to a
habitual action:
• Non-past: present (simple) I go to school [as my main activity
To remark habits in the past:
I used to go to school last year
I would go to school everyday
today]
I went to school last year [as my
main activity then]
NOW
Past
Non-Past
Review: Morphology 7 Tense-aspect 4
• Simple
Habitual process
• Continuous/Progressive
On-going process:
To be + V-ing
Their price is decreasing
When I bought the shares,
their price was decreasing
NOW
Their price will be
decreasing
Review: Morphology 8 Tense-aspect 5
• Simple
Habitual process
• Continuous/Progressive
• Perfect
On-going: To be + V-ing
Some link with ensuing time: To have + V-ed
I have started this project two weeks ago
The deadline was yesterday
but I had started the project
two months ago
NOW
When you will be back,
they will have finished
the project
Review: Morphology 9 Tense-aspect 6
• Simple
Habitual process
• Continuous/Progressive
• Perfect
On-going: To be + V-ing
Some link with ensuing time: To have + V-ed
I have started this project two weeks ago
The deadline was yesterday
but I had started the project
two months ago
I started the project two
months ago because the
deadline was yesterday
NOW
When you will be back,
they will have finished
the project
Review: Morphology 10 Duration form 7
• Simple
Habitual process
• Continuous/Progressive
• Perfect
On-going: To be + V-ing
Some link with ensuing time: To have + V-ed
• Perfect continuous
Some link with present and on-going : To have + BEEN + V-ing
I have been working on this project for four weeks
I have been working on this project since last month (2013)
NOW
BUT: I have known you all since March 10th
OR: M&M’s has been in the market for a long time
Review: Morphology 11
Relative Pronouns
• Who/whom for people
• That (restrictive)
• Which (non-restrictive)
• Whose possessive
– Skoda, whose previous Unique SELLING
Proposition was very low price cars, decided to be
more aggressive
– NOT FOR SUBMISSION write a sentence using
whose
Review: Syntax 1
Avoid breaking the S-V connection with a subordinate
clause (different from a relative clause) {See example in the next slide}
Verbs: transitive Vs. intransitive (Direct object, Indirect object,
Oblique object)// passive Vs. active (mentioned)//
AUXILIARY verb for the perfect tenses (actually, aspect) ALWAYS
to have (e.g., Things have changed)
BUT: passive voice (e.g., Rules were changed by the CEO) or few
constructions (e.g., are you finished?) //
Phrasal verbs. Verb+ ADV or Prep. To bring about = to cause, to
engender (causare, determinare) //
Typical declarative sentence structure: Subj + Verb +…..
Typical negative: Subject + do/does/did + not+ V(base form)
Typical question: Do/Does/Did + Subject + V(base form)
N.B. When some sort of auxiliary is already in the sentence USE
IT instead of adding to do
Emphatic statement Subj +do/does/did +V(base form) //
What brings about unemployement? (what = SUBJECT)
What does unemployment bring about? (what = ????)
WRONG: I’m interesting in fashion
RIGHT: ????
Review: Syntax 1bis
Avoid breaking the S-V connection with a subordinate
clause (different from a relative clause) {See example in the next slide}
AVOID THIS: ASOS, by implementing new technological
devices, reduced resistance to online purchases.
Move the subordinate either before or after the “main”
clause:
By implementing new technological devices, ASOS
reduced resistances to online purchases.
ASOS reduced resistances to online purchases by
implementing new technological devices.
But you can have a relative clause:
ASOS, which has improved its web-site, succeeded
in overcoming resistances to online purchases.
Review: Syntax 2
Skoda is…, Italy/France/Japan is… [WITHOUT article] BUT The United
States of America, The United Kingdom, The Netherlands //
Once upon a time there was a small village in the country. The
village was…
In light of (mainly US) In the light of (mainly UK) [see FOEs for
possessive case and article]//
TRANSITIVE: to raise (raised – raised); to lay (laid – laid)
INTRANSITIVE: to rise (rose – risen); to lie (lay – lain) (lying)
N.B.: to lie (to say something untrue) (lied – lied) (lying)
Review: Syntax 3
Modal verbs: can, may, will, shall, must, could, might, would, should +
BARE INFINITIVE (without to)
Interrogative: MODAL + Subj + BARE INFINITIVE (must I go?)
Negative: Subj + MODAL + not + BARE INFINITE (I mustn’t go, I
cannot go OR I can’t go, I won’t go)
They do not take to before or after:
WRONG To may, to must, to could… WRONG
WRONG I can to go, you may to talk… WRONG
They do not take –s for 3° person singular
WRONG he cans do, she mays do… WRONG
They have no tense it’s a matter of distance from reality:
Next year, I am/will be/can be/ may be/could be/might be in the UK
I want TO focus/analyze
I would like TO focus/analyze
Review: syntax 4
Circumstances
Links within the text
Textual markers
On what condition?
(D.O.)
(I.O.) How?
S
(Att)
V
Why?
Where?
When?
About the relation between interlocutors
General structure of the sentence
Review: Syntax 5
• What sentence constituent is the underlined
subordinate clause replacing?
– I think (that) you can do excellent projects
– Io penso che …
D.O. replacing
subordinate
clause
– Can you replace “that” (“che”) with “which” (“il/la/i/le quale/i”)?
• What’s the difference between the two uses of
“honestly” below?
Discourse
– Honestly, I don’t think you can win the game
– I don’t think you can honestly win the game
Marker
(relation to
interlocutors)
Vs.
Circumstance
Review: Syntax 6
A Main Clause with
a Noun Phrase
A relative pronoun
A clause with a
missing element
A Main Clause with
a Noun Phrase
A relative pronoun
A clause with a
missing element
Basic relative clauses
We have already sold the books
that
we received XXXX yesterday
We have already sold the books
that
XXXX were delivered yesterday
Review: Syntax 7
• Omitted relative pronoun:
Other details about relative clauses
– From AMWAY: These distributors sell to people
[that/whom] they know or meet.
• Whiz (omitted which and auxiliary to be):
– From BIC: Most large companies produce a variety
of goods and services XXX XXX [which are]
designed to meet customers’ needs…
• Fused relative pronoun:
– From BIC: This case study shows how [the way in
which] BIC understands product life cycles
Review: Syntax 8
Restrictive Vs Non-restrictive
• Try to figure out what the pair below has to do with
relative clauses:
Restrictive Vs Non-restrictive
The car that is parked in front of the department is
mine
My car, which is parked in front of the department, is
a FIAT
Review: Syntax 9
Conditional sentences
If/when I (get to) know it, I (will) say it to you
If I knew it, I would say it to you
If I had known it, I would have said it to you
Negative infinitive and ing-form
To go is your best choice
NOT TO go is your best choice
Developing the product is a risk
NOT developing the product is a higher risk
Review: Pragmatics 1/1
Do not pick on students or class fellows. //“See you later.”// Language
varies across jobs. //Think it over before saying “No, this is wrong”
Recommended: “Very interesting point/question. Let me point out
though that…” or some sort of hedging (softening expression). //
How is it going? How (are) you doing? What’s up? Wassup? Sup?
 It’s always Good.// Expectation of truthful statement. // Lag time
between turns: When asking for questions, wait for a longer time.//
Greetings (see next slide)//
FORMAL: Dr. Pizziconi, your course is interesting [NOT:
his/her].
INFORMAL: Sergio, your course is interesting. {“On a first
name basis” “May I call you Sergio?”}.
Review: Pragmatics (Appendix)
Pragmatics:
Informal
Greetings
Intro
Parting after
first meeting
Sup?
Wassup?
What’s up?
How you doing?
How is it going?
“
Formal
How
are
you
doing
?
Good
morning/afternoon/e
vening
(very)
nice/glad/pleased to
meet you!
How do you do?
(very)
nice/glad/pleased
meeting you!
Review: Tools 1/1
Tools: www.thefreedictionary.com Also, the financial and legal
dictionaries within and the Idioms section. // Check for the frequency
of sentences googling them in quotes “……..” // Semantics of
prototypes //
Google advanced search: with pdf and site: .edu (US universities) or
.ac.edu (UK universities)
SUNECO’s library’s link to “online sources” (Open access journals)
FOEs 1
- Information (uncountable: much information NOT many
informations , NOT an information)
- Economy Vs Economics
- Security (against criminal actions) Vs Safety (against dangerous
actions)
- Across (time, space whether real or abstract) Vs Through
(space; means/tool)
- Frequent (a bar, a restaurant) Vs attend (a
course/program/school)
- I study English Vs I study the English language
- Aim/Attempt at (+ N; V-ing) OR to (+ V-base form)
- A + consonant sound! OR pronounced h : a house, a university
An + vowel sound! OR mute h: an unpredictable even, an hour.
- Principal (of a secondary school), head, chair (of a
Department), dean (of a college) president (of a university)
FOEs 2
- I’m graduated FROM Aversa high school
I graduated FROM/AT Aversa high school
- Such as (listing examples) as (in the function of)
- Comparison and manner: As (+entire clause) like (+noun)
- Wal-Mart is one of the largest employers in the US. In
fact it’s the largest (A dire il vero)
- Industry usually means productive sector. Plant,
factory (are the words for the place where things are
manufactured)
- When a word is not used because of its meaning but as a word
to be dealt with, mark it somehow: The verb can expresses…;
The verb “can” expresses…; The verb can expresses
- Matricola (the person) = freshman/freshmen
- Matricola (the number) = Student ID number
FOEs 3
• What’s wrong in the sentence below?
– WRONG Is more correct to use “may” to mean permission.
• You need a subject!
• Io sono d’accordo  I agree with+N/ to +Vbase form (clause)….
[NOT: I am agree]
• A Facebook page is/isn’t useful to keep in touch [NOT
for to keep in touch]
• Possessive case:
The doctor’s house
Vs X Dr. Smith’s house
The consumer’s choice Vs The consumers’ choice
BUT The child’s toy
Vs The children’s toy
BUT X Giordano’s book Vs The Giordano book
FOEs 4 (charts)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fall – fell – fallen
WRONG: his trend is regular
RIGHT: ????
ITA: media  ENG: mean (on average)
Price varies according to volume
WRONG: It is steadily for the first part
RIGHT: It is steady. It levels steadily. It is steadily high.
WRONG: After there is a slowly fall RIGHT: ????
WRONG: Before it varies
RIGHT: ????
PREPOSITIONS
IN June
ON May 23rd
April
May
DURING the month
June
AT the end
of June
FOEs 5
One – first 1st
Two – second 2nd
Three – third 3rd
Four – fourth 4th ……
Twenty one – Twenty first 21st
Twenty two – Twenty second 22nd
Twenty third – Twenty third 23rd
Twenty four – Twenty fourth 24th ….
Thirty one – Thirty first 31st …..
FOEs 6
To enter
If it refers to s.o. or s.t. that moves into a place, to
enter is transitive and the place is the DIR.OBJ.
without preposition:
A company enters the market
But if it has other specific meanings:
Therefore, McDonald’s Restaurant Managers need to ensure
that the data [that] they enter [data] into the system is as
Dir.Obj.
Relative clause
accurate as possible.
• GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
• MARKETING DOMESTICALLY
• DOMESTIC FLIGHTS
Review: Acconto: Down-payment or
Advance payment?
• I would like our extended community of
knowledge to solve the issue.
• Let’s state the issue by looking at the definitions
of the two English words in the financial
dictionary.
• The conclusion might also be along the lines:
• From a logical/semantic point of view, we should
not use “advance payment”. However, language
use is different in this specific domain.
Portfolio’s checklist
• Portfolio. At the end of the course you will be asked to submit your portfolio
which will comprise at least the following material:
• Exercises and reports of the in-class activities with my comments and
initials (at least: 60% of all the exercises/reports you will be requested in
class)
• Texts generated for your project (at least: abstract/proposal, final paper,
slides for a presentation)
• A lexicon structured according to your own organizing criteria (mandatory)
• Your curriculum vitae (mandatory)
• Two cover/application letters: one for a corporate position, the other for a
graduate program abroad (at least one)
• A statement of goals for a graduate program, such as an MBA (Master’s
degree in Business Administration) (mandatory)
• A table of contents and commentary (at least 400 words maximum 800) on
the material included in your portfolio (mandatory)
Statement of goals
• 100 is the total number of bits of information you
write
• 80 must talk about your future
• 20 must talk about your past and present
• The difficulty is to avoid granted and naïve
rhetoric (i.e., “My favorite colors are Green,
White and Red because they are the colors of
our flag”
Paper outline & Presentation slides draft
• The blocks I expect in your projects
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Introduction
Literature review
Hypothesis/es OR research question/s
(Methodology)
Data/results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Title and
your
name
Xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
Passive 1
• Bush decreases gas price
• Gas price was decreased
• Obama decreases gas price
The biased intransitive solution
• Gas price decreases
Passive 2
It was
reported to Dr. Smith and me that doors are
still being left unlocked. Please, make sure you’re
locking up after yourselves. You can also help Dr.
Smith and me by keeping your eyes open for unlocked
doors in unattended rooms – lock them up or let
someone in the main office know so we can lock up.
Why do we need the passive voice here?
NOT FOR SUBMISSION:
Re-write the first sentence turning both verbs into
the active voice.
Passive 3
Mr/Mrs Green OR Somebody reported to Dr.
Smith and me that Mr/Mrs White OR
somebody is still leaving doors unlocked……
It was
reported to Dr. Smith and me that doors
are still being left unlocked. Please, make sure
you’re locking up after yourselves. You can also help
Dr. Smith and me by keeping your eyes open for
unlocked doors in unattended rooms – lock them up
or let someone in the main office know so we can
lock up.
Passive 4
UPDATE: Sexual Assault Reported on Campus
Commerce, TEXAS (March 24, 2011)- After a
comprehensive and thorough investigation into the
sexual assault reported on March 8, the University Police
Department has determined that the report was false and
the described assault did not occur.
While all reports are taken seriously, the university
community is urged to remember that false reports carry
a penalty under Texas State Law.
Although this assault did not occur we continue to
encourage the university community to use standard
precautions when walking across campus at night, to
travel in pairs and report any suspicious behavior to the
University PD at 903-886-5868.
Passive 5
UPDATE: Sexual Assault Reported on Campus
Commerce, TEXAS (March 24, 2011)- After a
comprehensive and thorough investigation into the
sexual assault [which was] reported on March 8, the
University Police Department has determined that the
report was false and the described assault did not occur.
While all reports are taken seriously, the university
community is urged to remember that false reports carry
a penalty under Texas State Law.
NOT FOR SUBMISSION:
Re-write the two sentences turning the three verbs
into the active voice.
Why do we need the passive voice here? {explain
the two reasons}
Terminology activity
The completed map MUST be in your portfolio
Same structure/similar terms
Different structure/Transparent terms
Either “Bank operations”
Or “Export-Import activities”
Same structure/different terms
Different structure/Opaque terms
MUSTs & MUST-NOTs
MINIMUM MUSTs
MINIMUM MUST-NOTs
• MUST rephrase
• MUST NOT copy and paste
• MUST cite sources
• MUST NOT hide sources
• MUST circumscribe
your scope
• MUST NOT write your
paper in the slides
MUSTs for
MUST-NOTs for
“GOOD/HARD WORK” “GOOD/HARD WORK”
assessment
assessment
• MUST carry out YOUR • MUST NOT just repeat
OWN analysis
what other scholars wrote