Transcript P3 4.3 How the chemical elememts were formed

P3 4.3 How the chemical elements formed
Leaning objectives: Explain that:
• Elements as heavy as iron are formed inside stars by nuclear fusion.
• Heavier elements are formed in supernovas.
• Exploding material can end up in new solar systems.
The Crab Nebula is the remnants
of a supernova explosion seen in
day light in 1054 by the Chinese!
Crab Nebula
Energy is released
by fission
Energy is released
by fusion
Blooming with stars
An infrared image from NASA's
Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer,
shows the young blue stars
of the Berkeley 59 cluster
amid a huge cloud of glowing dust
3,300 light-years from Earth
The rosebud-like red. glow surrounding the hot,
young stars is warm dust heated by the stars.
The green material is from heated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, molecules that can be found
on Earth in barbecue pits, exhaust pipes and other places where combustion has occurred.
Supernova 1987A, or SN1987A, was the
closest and brightest supernova observed
in more than 400 years.
Three mysterious debris rings surrounding
Supernova 1987A were formed during
an ancient two-star merger that eventually
led to an enormous stellar explosion.
It blazed as brightly as 100 million suns
before gradually fading. The explosion
occurred in the Large Magellanic Cloud,
a dwarf galaxy only 160,000 light-years away.
It was first spotted on Feb. 23, 1987, and
marked the first time modern astronomers
could observe a star explosion in detail.
This image, taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys aboard NASA's Hubble Space Telescope,
shows the newly discovered planet, Fomalhaut b, orbiting its parent star, Fomalhaut.
The small white box at lower right pinpoints the planet's location.
Fomalhaut b has carved a path along the inner edge of a vast,
dusty debris ring encircling Fomalhaut that is 21.5 billion miles across.
Fomalhaut b orbits 10.7 billion miles from its star.
Fomalhaut b completes an orbit around its parent star every 872 years.
The white dot in the center of the image marks the star's location.
The region around Fomalhaut's location is black
because astronomers used the Advanced Camera's coronagraph to block out the star's bright glare
so that the dim planet could be seen.
Fomalhaut b is 1 billion times fainter than its star.
The radial streaks are scattered starlight. The red dot at lower left is a background star.
The Fomalhaut system is 25 light-years away in the constellation Piscis Australis.
Extra-terrestrial life
Obtain evidence by:
1. Using radio telescopes to
detect meaningful signals
from space:
S.E.T.I.
Extra-terrestrial life
Obtain evidence by:
1. Using radio telescopes to
detect meaningful signals
from space:
2. Using robots to take pictures / bring back samples:
S.E.T.I.
Extra-terrestrial life
Obtain evidence by:
1. Using radio telescopes to
detect meaningful signals
from space:
2. Using robots to take pictures / bring back samples:
S.E.T.I.
Extra-terrestrial life
Obtain evidence by:
1. Using radio telescopes to
detect meaningful signals
from space:
2. Using robots to take pictures / bring back samples:
S.E.T.I.
Extra-terrestrial life
Analyse evidence by:
1. Looking for microbes / fossilised remains
eg on Mars and Europa
(a moon of Jupiter)
Smooth surface:
young volcanic ice flows!
Extra-terrestrial life
Analyse evidence by:
1. Looking for microbes / fossilised remains
eg on Mars and Europa
(a moon of Jupiter)
Smooth surface:
young volcanic ice flows!
2. Detecting changes in the
atmosphere or closed
container. eg oxygen levels
3. a. Plutonium has a half life of 24,000 years.
So why is it not found naturally like uranium?
b. Why is carbon an important element?
c. Lead is much denser than iron. How did the lead form?
P3 4.3 How the chemical elements formed
Leaning objectives: Explain that:
• Elements as heavy as iron are formed inside stars by nuclear fusion.
• Heavier elements are formed in supernovas.
• Exploding material can end up in new solar systems.
The Crab Nebula is the remnants
of a supernova explosion seen in
day light in 1054 by the Chinese!
Crab Nebula