Transcript QURANIC GRAMMAR AS-SARF “Morphology of the words” Lesson 1

Lessons from the book
MABADE” ALA’RABIYAH –
basics of Arabic Grammar
RASHEED SHARTOONI
To understand ARABIC LANGUAGE:
 After the knowing terminology, one must learn the
following three language arts:
 BALAGAH (metaphor and eloquence)
 Arabic Grammar: Sarf – Structure of the word
 Arabic Grammar: Nahwa – Grammar (end signs due to
the grammatical position of the Arabic word)
 ‫جاء محمد‬
 ‫رايت محمد‬
‫أقسام الكالم‬
Arabic word is divided into
A noun: Indicates an independent meaning : ‫ االسم‬
without any association with time
‫ شجرة‬،‫ جبل‬،‫ فرس‬،‫ بيت‬،‫ رجل‬: ‫ مثل‬
A verb: Indicates an independent meaning : ‫ الفعل‬
associated with time
.‫ قم‬،‫ يقوم‬،‫ قام‬: ‫ مثل‬
A Particle: indicates a meaning related to : ‫ الحرف‬
structure and not independent
.‫ من‬، ‫ قد‬، ‫ هل‬: ‫ مثل‬
Types of structure of the Noun (index)
 Scale of the words (FAA-A’YN- LAAM)
1. From the aspect of definitive or in-definitive
2. From the aspect of derivable or non derivable
3. Types of derived nouns
4. From the aspect of gender
5. From the aspect of ending with a SHEEH letter or
GHAYR SAHEEH LETTER like ALIF (unsound
letter)
6. From the aspect of the quantity (single-dual-plural)
7. Relating (YAA)
8. Minimizing
Types
of
the
structure
of
the
verbs
1. From the aspect of containing a vowel letter in the
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





root verb
From the aspect of the root (MOJARRAD) and
increased (MAZEED) verb
From the aspect of its tense and its pronouns
From the aspect of its requirement for an object
Active (LILMA’LOOM) and Passive (MAJHOOL)
verbs
Solid and changeable verbs/ complete and
incomplete
Rules regarding the HAMZAH (Alif which is
consonant)
Conversion of the letters in some words
Looking into the dictionaries
Punctuation signs
General applications on the morphology of the
words
Morphological Scale of the words
(FAA-A’YN- LAAM ‫الميزان الصرفي) ف ع ل‬
 The science of SARRAF studies the structure of the
Arabic word, and what ever encounters it from
addition or decrease in its letters.
 Most of the Arabic root words are tri-lettered words ,
therefore the a three letter standard form was made
to measure the words (FA- A’YN- LAAM) ………
(ARABIC)
 If the root word was more than three letters than the
LAAM/s will be added in the scale to measure the
fourth and fifth letter.
 When ever a letter is added to a root word even if it
was an increase by a SHADDAH or repeating the
root word, similar letter will be added to its
corresponding letter in the scale.
 Added letters are usually which forms of the word
SAALTOMOONEEHAA (Arabic),
‫‪Example:‬‬
‫‪KATABA‬‬
‫‪–he‬‬
‫‪wrote‬‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫•‬
‫ب‬
‫ت‬
‫ك‬
‫َ‬
‫َف َعل ‪‬‬
‫كاتِب‬
‫مكتوب‬
‫ك ٌتاب‬
‫كتاتيب‬
‫استكتاب‬
‫ُك ُتب‬
‫مك َتب‬
‫•‬
‫•‬
‫•‬
‫•‬
‫•‬
‫•‬
‫•‬
‫َ‬
‫فاعِ ل َ ‪‬‬
‫مفعول ‪‬‬
‫فعال ‪‬‬
‫فعاعيل ‪‬‬
‫استفعال ‪‬‬
‫فعل ‪‬‬
‫م َف ِعل َ ‪‬‬
 ‫الر ْح َم َة‬
َّ ‫ب َر ُّب ُك ْم َعلَى َن ْفسِ ِه‬
َ ‫سالَ ٌم َعلَ ْي ُك ْم َك َت‬
َ ْ‫َفقُل‬
 Say: Peace be on you, your Lord has ordained mercy on
Himself (6:54)
(page:13)
ِّ ‫ور مِن َب ْع ِد‬
َّ ‫َولَ َقدْ َك َت ْب َنا فِي‬
 َ‫الصالِ ُحون‬
َّ ‫ِي‬
َ ‫ض َي ِر ُث َها عِ َباد‬
َ ‫الذ ْك ِر أَنَّ ْاْلَ ْر‬
ِ ‫الز ُب‬
 And certainly We wrote in the Book after the reminder that
(as for) the land, My righteous servants shall inherit it.
(21:105)
(page:14)
‫َو ه‬
 ‫ّللا‬
ِ ‫ض َع ْن ُه ْم َو َت َو َّكلْ َعلَى ه‬
ْ ‫ب َما ُي َب ِّي ُتونَ َفأ َ ْع ِر‬
ُ ‫ّللاُ َي ْك ُت‬
 And Allah writes down what they decide by night, therefore
turn aside from them and trust in Allah. (4:81)
(page:14)
 ‫يل‬
ِ ‫الَّذِي َي ِجدُو َن ُه َم ْك ُتو ًبا عِ ندَ ُه ْم فِي ال َّت ْو َرا ِة َوالِ ْن ِج‬
 ….whom they find written down with them in the Taurat
and the Injeel ….. (7:157)
(page: 14)
 ‫س َن ًة‬
َ ‫َوا ْك ُت ْب لَ َنا فِي هَـ ِذ ِه ال ُّد ْن َيا َح‬
 And ordain for us good in this world's life…. (7:156)
(page:14)
 ‫ساطِ ي ُر ْاْلَ َّولِينَ ا ْك َت َت َب َها‬
َ َ‫َو َقالُوا أ‬
 And they say: The stories of the ancients-- he has got them
written (25:5)
(page: 14)
 ‫ين‬
َ ‫ ِك َرامًا َكا ِت ِب‬. ‫ين‬
َ ‫َوإِنَّ َعلَ ْي ُك ْم لَ َحافِ ِظ‬
 And most surely there are keepers over you. Honorable
recorders. (82:10&11)
(page:14)
ْ َ‫صل‬
 ‫ت آ َيا ُت ُه‬
ِّ ُ‫اب ف‬
ٌ ‫ِك َت‬
 A Book of which the verses are made plain (41:3)
14)
(page
 ‫فِي َها ُك ُتب َق ِّي َمة‬
 Wherein are all the right ordinances (98:3) (page:14)