Transcript Document

CM107
Punctuation and Pygmalion
Cecelia Munzenmaier
Kaplan University
Realize what you know.
What is the rule for ordering adjectives
of nationality, age, and number in
English?
Try it.
French the young
girls four
Here’s the rule.
In English the order of adjectives is
• first, number
• second, age
• third, nationality
the four young French girls
So grammar’s easy…?
Yes and no.
Punctuation imitates speech.
whenpeoplefirstbeganwritingthingsdo
wntheyrantheirwordstogetherwithnosp
acesorpunctuationstheGreeksdidputah
orizontallinecalledaparagraphosbetwe
enparagraphs.
Punctuation gives cues.
Period
Colon
Semicolon
Question
Exclamation
Comma
.
:
;
?
!
,
Full stop; voice drops
Set off complete, but
connected, thoughts
Full stop; rising inflection
Full stop; intense
Short pause (not always
where you take a breath)
Victor Borge
What a difference it makes.
When people first began writing things
down, they ran their words together with
no spaces or punctuation marks. The
Greeks did put a horizontal line called a
paragraphos between paragraphs.
Read as punctuated.
Jack and Jill went, up the hill to, fetch a pail
of water.
Can you hear the mistakes?
Any mistakes?
Jack and Jill went, but the three little pigs
stayed home.
Where should this break?
Jack and Jill went, but the Three Little Pigs
stayed home they were afraid the Big Bad
Wolf would try to sneak down the chimney
while they were gone and they wanted to
keep every hair of his chinny chin chin
outside their snug little homes.
But your ear isn’t infallible.
Jack and Jill, are the characters in a familiar
nursery rhyme.
Jack and Jill are
subject
verb
But your ear isn’t infallible.
So some grammar terms are
necessary:
Sentence (or independent clause)
Subject
Verb
Modifier
How can you find the subject?
Subject = who/what sentence is about
• is doing something or
• being something
Reginald did eighteen loads of laundry.
His room is no longer a disaster area.
How can you find the subject?
Use tag questions
• aren’t you? You’re coming, aren’t you?
• isn’t it?
The test is tomorrow, isn’t it?
• doesn’t it?
• hasn’t he?
Pronoun at the end = subject
• didn’t she?
• won’t they?
• can’t they?
• shouldn’t we?
How can you find the subject?
Use yes/no questions
• Jim and Sue can dance the tango.
• Jim and Sue can dance the tango, can’t they?
• Can Jim and Sue dance the tango?
Subject is right of moved
(or added) word
How can you find the subject?
Your turn:
• Students who attend class regularly tend
to get higher grades.
• tag question
• yes/no question
How can you find the subject?
Your turn:
• Maytag, which employed many workers,
closed its plant in Newton.
• tag question
• yes/no question
How can you find the subject?
Your turn:
• The cost of the food and other relief supplies
will be covered by donations.
• tag question
• yes/no question
How can you find the verb?
Use frames:
• They somehow got ________ to ________
They somehow got Jim and Sue to dance the
tango.
How can you find the verb?
Use frames: (for to be verbs only)
• But it wasn’t me who did the __________ -ing.
The cost of the food and other relief
supplies will be covered by donations
The cost will be covered by donations, won’t it?
They somehow got them to cover the cost.
But it wasn’t me who did the cover-ing.
How can you find the verb?
Your turn:
Find the subject and verb in 3 sentences from U2 paper.
Subject:
Tag questions (subject = pronoun in tag question:
we, it, you, he, she, they)
Yes/no questions (subject is right of moved or added
word)
Verb: use frames
subject
verb
They somehow got ______________
to ___________
(for to be verbs only) But it wasn’t me who did the
__________ -ing.
Now you try it.
Dear John:
I want a man who knows what love is
all about you are generous kind
thoughtful people who are not like
you admit to being useless and
inferior you have ruined me for
other men I yearn for you I have no
feelings whatsoever when we're
apart I can be forever happy will
you let me be yours
Jane
Who was Pygmalion?

A Greek sculptor,
he carved his ideal
woman and begged
Venus to give him a
wife like his “ivory
maid.” The goddess
brought the statue
to life.
What musical did he inspire?
One in which a guttersnipe
is transformed
into a lady
What is the Pygmalion effect?
The power of
expectations
 Example: Rosenthal
and Jacobsen’s 1971
experiment

What is the effect?

“I will never be
smarter than I
am now.”

“With practice, I will
be a better writer.”
Be your own Pygmalion.
Researchers (for example,
Joshua Aronson of the
University of Texas)
have even shown that
college students' grade
point averages go up
when they are taught
that intelligence
can be developed.”
—Carol Dweck
Dr. Dweck is a psychology
professor at Columbia
University.
Writing Process

Polishing takes rough ideas and
shapes them so others can understand
More polishing is needed here
"The use of any recording devices are
strictly prohibited. This includes, but is
not limited to: video cameras, camera
phones, tapes recorders, etc. Failure to
comply will result in confiscation of
these devices and possible arrest."
You may have bad habits.
If you’ve practiced doing it wrong,
you’ll have to break the habit.
Psychologists have found that people go
through six stages when breaking bad
habits (Prochaska, Norcross, & DiClemente,
1994):
How do you break a habit?
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Recycling
Does correctness really matter?
It does to professionals.
What do I need to do?
I’m going to read my drafts aloud.
With fewer run-ons, my grades
are higher.
Oops, I got points taken off
for sentence structure. Time
to review.
Where did this come from?
In your paper
Psychologists have identified six stages of breaking bad
habits (Prochaska, Norcross, & DiClemente, 1994):
Precontemplation…
In your reference list (at the end)
Prochaska, J.O., Norcross, J.C., and DiClemente, C.C.
(1994). Breaking bad habits. Retrieved July 13,
2006, from http://www.calgaryhealthregion.ca/
clin/adultpsy/features/badhabit.htm