Transcript Slide 1

Anglo Saxons Skills and Principles
Group 1
Proper Noun--Races
A proper noun is a noun that refers to a specific person, place or
thing. It is capitalized. The names of races are proper nouns.
Split Infinitives
In English, an infinitive is a verb form created from the word to and
the verb. For example, the infinitive of run is to run. Splitting an
infinitive means putting a word between the to and the verb. Since
one cannot literally split an infinitive in Latin (amare=to love with the
-are making the verb an infinitive), this has become a rule in
English.
to swiftly run is incorrect to run swiftly is correct
The Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense (also known as the pluperfect) is used to show
that one action in the past occurred before another action in the past. It
is formed by adding the auxiliary verb had before the main verb. For
example, if Myron called his mother before he told his friends she had
said he couldn't go to the concert, you would use the past perfect
tense for the verb about Myron calling his mother: Myron had called
his mother and then told his friends he could not go to the concert. If
the past perfect requires two had's as in "Myron had had to go to the
concert because his mother forced him to go," do not put a comma
between the two had's.
Sequence of Verb Tenses
In a sentence with two clauses, the verbs must show simultaneous
occurrence or sequence of occurrence. If one verb is in the past and
another verb occurred before it, the verb that occurred first needs to
be in the pluperfect or past perfect tense (using the helping verbs had,
has etcetera).
Because she had murdered him, Myron did not come to Sally's party.
NOT
Because she murdered him, Myron did not come to Sally's party.
Group 2
Relative Pronouns
When referring to people, use who, whom or whose. Use who to refer to
people that are subjects, whom to refer to people that are objects and
whose to refer to people who are possessing something.
When referring to things, use which (preceded by a comma) in clauses
that are not important to the main meaning of the sentence. Never use
which to refer to people because this implies that the person is an object
rather than a human being.
When referring to things, use that (not preceded by a comma) to refer to
things in clauses that are important to the main meaning of the
sentence.
Commonly Confused Words: Between and Among
Use between when there are two elements.
Use among when there are more than two elements.
Use of Hyphens with Compound Nouns
Use a hyphen to join two or more words serving as a single noun.
Frank is terrified of his mother-in-law.
Commonly Confused Words: Accept versus Except
Accept means to receive something.
Except means other than __________.
Indefinite Pronoun: Everything
Everything is singular and thus takes a singular verb.
Everything remind me of my dog. Incorrect
Everything reminds me of my dog. Correct
Group 3
Irregular Past Participle: Begun
Most past participles are formed directly from the past tense of the verb.
I passed the town.
I have passed the town.
Some past participles are irregular. Begun is an irregular past participle.
Myron began the reign of terror quietly.
Myron has began the reign of terror quietly. Incorrect
Myron has begun the reign of terror quietly. Correct
Dangling Modifiers
Modifiers give additional information. They need to be close to the word
or words that they modify. A dangling modifier is a modifier that does not
seem to modify anything. To correct this error, the sentence in which it
appears needs to be rearranged or rewritten entirely.
Double subject
Do not use a pronoun directly after its antecedent as the subject of a
sentence.
Antecedent is the noun or pronoun to which the pronoun refers.
Tina she ate the entire raw steak. Incorrect
Tina ate the entire raw steak. Correct
Active Voice versus Passive Voice
Active voice has the subject doing something to the object.
Passive voice has something being done to the subject by an
unknown agent or by something in the prepositional phrase by
_______________. Use active voice as much as possible. Only
use passive when you have a specific reason.
The badger was eaten by the hungry class. Passive
The hungry class ate the badger. Active
Group 4
Punctuation inside Quotation Marks
When a period or comma follows a word, phrase or sentence enclosed
in quotation marks, the period or comma is located inside the
quotation marks.
Run-on Sentence: Comma Splice
Run-on sentences happen when there are two independent clauses not
separated by any form of punctuation at all or by an incorrect form such
as a comma by itself. Comma splices are a type of run-on sentence
that happens when there are two independent clauses separated only
by a comma. The error can be corrected by adding a conjunction after
the comma, a period, a semicolon, or a colon to separate the two
sentences.
Commas in a Series
When one has a group of elements that are coordinate and in series,
there must be commas between the elements. The comma before the
conjunction and the final element is optional and is called an "Oxford
comma.“ We bought a dog, a sled, a cat and a pound of venison.
We bought a dog, a sled, a cat, and a pound of venison. (This
sentence includes the "Oxford comma.")
Group 5
Numbers at the Beginning of a Sentence
Spell out numbers that occur at the beginning of a sentence. Do not
begin sentences using numerals.
Unclear Antecedent
An antecedent is the noun to which a pronoun refers. If the
antecedent is unclear-difficult to decide the noun to which the
pronoun refers-correct the pronoun by using a specific noun in its
place.
Comma after Introductory Phrases
Use a comma after a phrase that introduces a sentence.
Commonly Confused Words:
Its means belonging to it.
It's means it is
his
NOT
hi's
her
NOT
he'r
its
NOT
it's
Its versus It's
he's = he is
she's = she is
it's = it is
Subordinate Clause
A subordinate clause--sometimes called a dependent clause--will
begin with a subordinate conjunction or a relative pronoun and will
contain both a subject and a verb. This combination of words will not
form a complete sentence. It will, instead, make a reader want
additional information to finish the thought. If it comes at the
beginning of the sentence, put a comma after it. If it comes at the
end of a sentence, do not put a comma before it.
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