Transcript Midterm Study Game

Semester Exam Study
Game
5 Point Questions
1st question is for your # 4s
#1
Which color star has the most amount of
energy?
a) Red
b) Orange
c) White
d) Blue
# 1 Answer
Which color star has the most amount of energy?
a) Red
b) Orange
c) White
d) Blue
**Make sure you know WHY! *Blue waves are closer together, which
means a short wavelength and higher frequency (which means
MORE energy!)
**Also remember we only SEE color (visible light) because the
wavelengths are the perfect length to be seen and processed by
our brains. All other types of electromagnetic radiation has
wavelengths that are too long or short to be seen.
# 3s…you’re up next
#2
What does color tell us about a star?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The star’s temperature
The star’s distance from Earth
The star’s age
The star’s size
# 2 Answer
What does color tell us about a star?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The star’s temperature
The star’s distance from Earth
The star’s age
The star’s size
Color is a visual representation of
temperature. ROYGBIV (coolest to hottest
due to the amount of energy).
# 1s or 5s…you’re up next
#3
What is a light year?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The time it takes light to travel in 1 year.
The time it takes to travel 1 astronomical unit.
The distance light travels in 1 year.
The distance of 1 AU.
# 3 Answer
What is a light year?
a. The time it takes light to travel in 1 year.
b. The time it takes to travel 1
astronomical unit.
c. The distance light travels in 1 year.
d. The distance of 1 AU.
Light Years are used to measure distance between
galaxies. AUs are better used for distances
between planets in a solar (planetary system)
and Parsecs are for larger, universal
distances.
*Make sure you know what this means for the size of our
galaxy (old quiz). …how long it takes for light to travel
across our galaxy.
2s…you’re up next
#4
What determines the path a star takes
(Stellar Cycle—when it begins to die)
A.
B.
C.
D.
The shape of the star
The luminosity of the star
The size or mass of the star
The distance away from the sun
# 4 Answer
What determines the path a star takes (Stellar
Cycle—when it begins to die)
A.
B.
C.
The shape of the star
The luminosity of the star
The size or mass of the star (Small, Medium,
and Massive stars all die differently)
D. The distance away from the sun
**Large (and hot) stars have the shortest lifespan.
You WILL need to know the life cycle of small,
large, and massive stars. Beginning (nebula)
to end…
Next up….3s.
#5 Question
Which two Earth spheres are
interacting if a lightning strike were
to start a forest fire?
A. Atmosphere and biosphere
B. Biosphere and hydrosphere
C. Atmosphere and geosphere
D. Hydrosphere and biosphere
#5 Answer
Which two Earth spheres are
interacting if a lightning strike were
to start a forest fire?
A. Atmosphere and biosphere
B. Biosphere and hydrosphere
C. Atmosphere and geosphere
D. Hydrosphere and biosphere
Next up 1s
#6 Question
• Amy wants to buy new tires for her bike.
She wants to find out if the size of the
wheels will affect how far she can coast on
her bike. She is curious to see if the
thickness of the tires affects how far she
can coast. She decided to compare two
brands of tires. She uses a small, thick tire
and a large, thin tire. She designs an
experiment with 5 trials per tire so it is
accurate. She finds the large tire lets her
coast longer. Is this a valid test? Why or
why not?
#6 Answer
• Amy wants to buy new tires for her bike. She wants to find
out if the size of the wheels will affect how far she can
coast on her bike. She is curious to see if the thickness of
the tires affects how far she can coast. She decided to
compare two brands of tires. She uses a small, thick tire
and a large, thin tire. She designs an experiment with 5
trials per tire so it is accurate. She finds the large tire lets
her coast longer. Is this a valid test? Why or why not?
• NOT VALID!!!!! TWO variables!!!! Size and Thickness of
the tire are different on both tires. It is not possible to
determine if size or thickness was the variable that affected
coasting times.
• Up nexts….2s
#7 Question
Two students are planning an experiment to
determine the effect of the temperature on the
number of cricket chirps per minute. They used
two identical containers. What is the test
(independent) variable and the outcome
(dependant) variable in this experiment?
A) Test = # of crickets, Outcome = temperature
B) Test = containers, Outcome = temperature
C) Test = # of cricket chirps, Outcome =
temperature
D) Test = temperature, Outcome = # of cricket
chirps per minute
#7 Answer
Two students are planning an experiment to determine the
effect of the temperature on the number of cricket chirps
per minute. They used two identical containers. What is
the test (independent) variable and the outcome
(dependant) variable in this experiment?
A) Test = # of crickets, Outcome = temperature
B) Test = containers, Outcome = temperature
C) Test = # of cricket chirps, Outcome = temperature
D) Test = temperature, Outcome = # of cricket chirps per
minute **Answer
#4s up next
#8 Question
According to Scientists who support
the Big Bang Theory (Remember,
theories are explanations, strongly
supported by evidence that can be
used to make predictions) believe
the universe began
A. 4.6 BYA
B. 13.7 BYA
C. 49.6 BYA
D. 130 BYA
#8 Answer
According to Scientists who support the Big Bang Theory
(Remember, theories are explanations, strongly
supported by evidence that can be used to make
predictions) believe the universe began
A. 4.6 BYA
B. 13.7 BYA **Answer
C. 49.6 BYA
D. 130 BYA
4.6 BYA is the proposed age of our solar system (nebular
theory, which is the theory our SS formed from
remnants of a dead massive star) ***Honors make
sure to review question from old tests on evidence of
the Big Bang.
10 Point Questions
1st question is for your # 3s
#1
What was Copernicus’ contribution to
Astronomy?
# 1 Answer
What was Copernicus’ contribution to Astronomy?
Copernicus was the scientist who first believed that
the Sun was the center of the solar system, not
the Earth AND that all the objects in our solar
system revolve around the sun.
Galileo also helped confirm this with his trusty
telescope!
**This is known as the heliocentric model.
What did scientists believe before this?
# 4s or 5s…you’re up next
#2
Describe our sun.
Color, Temperature (not exact, just
compare), Size, Stage of stellar
evolution.
*How does it get its energy?
# 2 Answer
Our sun is yellow (due to temperature!!!),
Average temperature (between 5,000
and 6,000 degrees), it is a medium
size star, and it is in its mainsequence stage (middle of its life)
*It gets its energy from nuclear fusion in
its core (fusing hydrogen to put out
helium).
The H-R Diagram
#3
shows the
relationship
between
a.
b.
c.
d.
Absolute and apparent magnitude
Parallax (distance) and temperature
Apparent magnitude and luminosity
Temperature and absolute magnitude
#3 The H-R Diagram shows the
relationship between
a. Absolute and apparent magnitude
b. Parallax (distance) and temperature
c. Apparent magnitude and luminosity
d. Temperature and absolute magnitude
*Note--Absolute magnitude and luminosity are BOTH
measures of TRUE brightness
**Make SURE you can read this diagram.
**Remember, stages in life are seen here
too.
# 2s…..you’re up next
#4
If two stars have the same surface
temperature, BUT they appear to
have a difference in brightness, what
is a possible reason for this
difference?
#4 Answer
If two stars have the same surface
temperature, BUT they appear to have a
difference in brightness, what is a
possible reason for this difference?
These stars are different DISTANCES from
Earth OR they are different SIZES.
# 3s…..you’re up next
#5
You have just witnessed a full moon.
Which phase follows this in the
days to come?
A. Waxing Gibbous
B. Waning Gibbous
C. Waxing Crescent
D. Waning Crescent
# 5 Answer
You have just witnessed a full moon. Which
phase follows this in the days to come?
A. Waxing Gibbous
B. Waning Gibbous
C. Waxing Crescent
D. Waning Crescent
# 2s or 5s you’re up!
Make sure you can identify the moon’s phases based on the diagram below.
*Where would eclipses occur? Can you relate tides to these phases?
#6
The visible surface of the sun is called
the
a. Chromosphere
b. Corona
c. Photosphere
d. Core
#6 Answer
The visible surface of the sun is called
the
a. Chromosphere-Layer along with the
corona that make up the atmosphere of
the sun, can be seen during an eclipse.
b. Corona-can be seen during an eclipse
along with the chromosphere
c. Photosphere
d. Core-where nuclear fusion is occuring
*Number 2s
#7
What is true about the relative
distance between the planets?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The terrestrial planets are relatively close
together
The gas giants are relatively close together
The terrestrial planets are relatively close
together, and the gas giants are further
apart.
The gas giants are relatively far apart and
so are the terrestrial planets.
# 7 Answer
What is true about the relative
distance between the planets?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The terrestrial planets are relatively close
together
The gas giants are relatively close together
The terrestrial planets are relatively close
together, and the gas giants are further
apart. **Remember Kepler’s Laws though!
The further away from the sun, gravity
decreases and revolution increases.
The gas giants are relatively far apart and
so are the terrestrial planets.
# 3s…..you’re up next
#8
Draw a picture showing the
POSITIONING of the moon during
a New Moon phase (you must
include the moon, earth, and sun)
#8 Answer
Draw a picture showing the POSITIONING of the
moon during a New Moon phase (you must
include the moon, earth, and sun)
Earth Moon
Sun
Give board to your choice #
# 9 The last question—New moon
would result in the GREATEST or
LEAST Tidal Range---WHICH means
we would see WHICH Type of TIDE?
# 6 answer The last question—New
moon would result in the
GREATEST or LEAST Tidal Range--WHICH means we would see
WHICH Type of TIDE?
GREATEST tidal range (greatest
difference between high and low
tides) THIS IS A SPRING TIDE!
**Know NEAP too!
20 Point Questions
st
1
Question is for your 1s
# 1 How do the orbital paths of
objects in the solar system differ?
# 1 answer How do the orbital
paths of objects in the solar system
differ?
• Not every object takes the same
path around the sun---all Planets
travel (in ellipses) on one plane---the
moon travels around the earth in
another plane (a different tilt)
Next question is for # 4s
#2
In the night sky, there appears to be a VERY bright
object. When you look closely with a telescope
(thanks to Galileo), you notice there are actually TWO
stars. This is called a __________________.
Together, describe the absolute magnitude of EACH
star, compared to the apparent magnitude of the two
together.
# 2 Answer
In the night sky, there appears to be a VERY bright object.
When you look closely with a telescope (thanks to
Galileo), you notice there are actually TWO stars. This is
called a Binary Star System or MULTIPLE Star system.
Together, describe the absolute magnitude of EACH star,
compared to the apparent magnitude of the two together.
The absolute magnitude of each star is less than the total
absolute magnitude of the system. Together, they
appear very bright, but in fact they are dimmer on their
own.
# 3s you’re up next
#3
Why do we only ever see the same
side of the moon?
# 3 Answer
The moon is rotating and revolving at
the same rate (every 27.3 days).
Because the sun’s light reflects off
the surface of the moon, we only see
the side that is facing us (earth).
# 2s…you’re up next
#4
Describe some of the
characteristics of the sun that
show it is quite an active star!
# 4 Answer
Describe some of the characteristics of
the sun that show it is quite an active
star!
Sun spots—dark patches with a lower
temperature than its surroundings.
*Galileo watched these to prove the sun
rotates on its axis.
Prominences—Arcs of gas with the
potential to turn into a flare.
Solar Flare-Explosive events which can
drastically affect our magnetic field (bye
bye technology!)
# 4s…you’re up next
# 5 What causes the
phases of the moon?
# 5 Answer
What causes the phases of the moon?
The moon reflects the light of the sun.
Depending on where the moon is in its
orbit, we see different amounts of this
reflected light.
# 2s or 5s you’re up next
#6
Look at the HR diagram.
Describe the stars at letters B and C.
# 6 Answer
B—Red Giants--- Very BRIGHT, yet relatively cool. They are
LARGE which makes them luminous.
C—White Dwarfs—Very HOT, hotter than our sun, but relatively
dim. They are SMALL, which makes them dimmer than most
stars.
#7
Look at the HR diagram.
Describe the stars at letters A and D.
# 7 Answer
Look at the HR diagram.
A—VERY hot and VERY bright. They are BLUE because they have
the most energy…will most likely die in a SUPERnova.
D—Main Sequence stars. Where the letter is, the stars of average
temp. and brightness. Our sun is found here.
# 1s You’re Up!
#8
What is the difference between absolute
magnitude, apparent magnitude and
luminosity. Give examples.
#8 Answer
• What is the difference between
absolute magnitude, apparent
magnitude and luminosity.
Luminosity and absolute magnitude are
both measures of TRUE brightness due
to a set standard distance.
Apparent magnitude is a measure how
bright stars look from earth. Stars can
APPEAR much brighter than they
actually are (absolute).
25 Point Questions
FOR THE GROUP
#1
What are the stages of a stars life?
Begin by listing the 3 stages that all
stars share, then list what will
happen to a small sized star, a
medium mass star and a massive
star.
# 1 Answer
All stars begin their life as a Nebula (a cloud of gas and dust). Next, that
cloud begins to spin and clump together—Protostar. Nuclear fusion
occurs and the star stabilizes (Main Sequence-Our sun). NEXT, depends
on size:
Small
Medium
Massive
RED GIANT
RED SUPER GIANT
*Fusion slows and the stars begin to cool
and
expand. Since they are cooler, they glow red.
PLANETARY NEBULA
SUPERNOVA
*Outer shell of Red Giant *Massive explosion
blown off leaving the core VERY bright
WHITE DWARF
WHITE DWARF
BLACK HOLE
*Small Dense, yet still very hot (but dim) *Everything collapses
swallows all
BLACK DWARF
BLACK DWARF
OR
Fusion-less rock emitting no light
NEUTRON STAR
Not on here, but still
know….
Why do we have seasons?
Earth’s tilt means unequal
heating/direct light.
Make sure you can
explain the hierarchy of
everything in our
universe
•
•
•
•
•
Universe (largest)
Galaxies
Solar Systems
Planets and other bodies
*See board