Transcript Slide 1

USE OF
PRESENT TENSE
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
Two Present Tenses
Study the following sentences :
 My cousin is singing now. (Present
continuous)
 She sings early in the morning
everyday. (Simple present)
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
is singing
Sings
Verbs in the present
tense
Use both tenses to talk about present
time.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
In this unit, we’ll discuss
 how
we form the two tenses,
 how we choose between the two and
 what differences in meaning our
choices will make
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
Talking about the present
(The simple present)
Dear Students,
See the description of a typical day
in the life of a student. Listen to it
carefully. Later, I’ll ask you a few
questions. See if you can answer
them.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
 Gopal
usually gets up at 5.30 a.m.
 After brushing his teeth, he takes a cup
of milk.
 Then he spends about one hour reading
his lessons for the day.
 He takes his bath at 7.30.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
He dresses quickly and eats his
breakfast.
He leaves home at 8.20 and goes to the
bus stop nearby.
His college bus comes there at 8.30.
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 Gopal
has classes from 9.30 to
3.30.
 He finishes his lunch in about 15 or
20 minutes.
 In between he has a lunch break
from 12.00 to 1.00.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
He spends the rest of the time in the
college library.
He reaches home by 4.30.
After taking his tea, he goes out to play
cricket.
He returns home by 6.30.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
You have listened to the
description, haven’t you? Now try
to answer these questions.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
1) What does the passage describe?
2) Do you remember Gopal’s different
kinds of routines?
 A : daily routines at home.
 B : daily routines in college.
3) Do the activities take place at the
time of speaking?
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Look at the description again.
Some of the words are underlined.
Do you know why they are underlined?
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 Gopal
usually gets up at 5.30 a.m.
 After brushing his teeth, he takes a cup
of milk.
 Then he spends about one hour reading
his lessons for the day.
 He takes his bath at 7.30.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
 He
dresses quickly and eats his
breakfast.
 He leaves home at 8.20 and goes to the
bus stop nearby.
 His college bus comes there at 8.30.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
Yes. They are verbs. You know that
verbs are words denoting actions.
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Can you identify the tense of these
Verbs, i.e, whether they are in present
Or past tense?
Yes. They are all present tense forms.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
How do we form the simple
present?
 I/We/You/They/The
girls sing/watch.
 He/She/It/My brother sings/watches
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
If the subject is I, You, We or any plural
noun, we use the verb in its basic form.
If the subject is He, She, It, or a
singular noun, we add s/es to the verb
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
How do we form questions and
negatives?
 Do
you like spiders?
 How does she eat raw potatoes?
 They do not (don’t) drink any soft
drink.
 She does not (doesn’t) speak
Japanese.
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We use do and does to form questions
and negatives.
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Let’s examine the meaning of the
simple present.
I
drink several cups of coffee
everyday.
 I always drink it with milk.
 I never drink black coffee.
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Habitual Actions
Expressions of frequency : always,
generally, often, sometimes, never,
everyday, usually, hardly, once/twice a
week, on Mondays
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 Honesty
is the best policy.
 The sun rises in the east.  General truths
 Cows eat grass.
 (timeless
truths)
 Oil floats on water
 Water boils at low temperatures at
high altitudes.
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 A passes
to B, C
interrupts, D
shoots. It’s a goal !
 You
go straight for
a kilometer, then
you come to the
park.
 In
commentaries.
 Instructions
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I put the cake  Demonstrations
mixture into this
bowl and add a
drop of vanilla
essence.
 Now
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I
beg your pardon.
(The speaker is
performing an
action)
 I deny your
charge.

The
performative use
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
 The
train leaves at
12.15.
 No.54 goes to
Gandhinagar.
 If I come back
tomorrow, I’ll ring
you up.

Scheduled
activities i.e,
activities that
go by
plans/prearrangments.
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Useful points to remember
 My
cousin does not plays the violin. (x)
 My cousin does not play the violin. ()
 Does she always makes so much
noise?()
 Does she always make so much
noise?()
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We do not add-s or – es to the main
verbs in questions and negatives. We
use do or does to suit the subject.
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Activity 1
Use the expressions in the box to
complete the dialogue.
 loves
 Sleeps for an hour
 Plays by herself
 Give her a bath
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
(Govind tells his mother about his
baby.)
 M : So, how’s little Rajani doing?
 G : She’s such an angel. She
………most of the time.
 M : Does she sleep during the day?
She should, you know.
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G
: Oh, yes, she does.
She………after lunch.
 M: What does she like to eat?
 G: She ……..boiled potatoes and
curd.
 M : When does she have a bath?
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G
: Veena or I………in the afternoon.
 M : I’m so glad she’s coming on well.
God bless her.
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Check whether you have answered
correctly
Key Answers :
 Plays by herself
 Sleeps for an hour
 loves
 give her a bath
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
Activity 2
The table has information on how
Premila spent her holidays last
summer. Imagine that she follows the
same routine again this summer and fill
in the blanks in one of the routines
each.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
a.m. – 7 a.m. - practiced music
 9 a.m. – 10 a.m. - Cooked lunch
 4 p.m. – 5 p.m. – played basketball
 5 p.m. – 6 p.m. – worked in the garden
 6 p.m. – 7 p.m. -went for tuition
 8 p.m. – 10 p.m. – spent time with her
family
 10-30 p.m.- went to bed
6
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
 Premila
………..between six and
eight in the morning everyday.
 She……….between 9 a.m. and 10
a.m.
 In the evening between five and six,
Premila……………
 She……………between six and
seven.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
 Later,
she……………..two hours with
her family.
 Premila…………….at 10.30 p.m.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
Check whether you have
answered correctly
Key Answers :
Practices music, cooks lunch, works
in the garden, goes for tuition,
spends time with her family, goes to
bed
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
Talking about the present
(The present continuous)
Dear students,
Listen carefully to the dialogue below.
Later, I’ll ask you a few questions.
See if you can answer them.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
[Kalpana speaks to Vikas on the
telephone]
 K : Hello. Kalpana here.
 V : Hi, Where are you? You’re late
today.
 K : I’m still in office. We have an
important meeting at six.What is
everyone doing?
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
 V:
Well, mother is reading the
newspaper and glancing at the clock
every five minutes. Father is walking
up and down the street, waiting to
see if you are coming. Grandfather
is watching TV, and Kiran is
studying for her physics test.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
K
: And you ?
 V: I’m listening to music.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
You have listened to the dialogue,
haven’t you? Now try to answer
these questions.
 Who are taking part in the dialogue?
 Can you tell me what they are doing?
 A: mother B : father C: grand father
D: Kiran E: Vikas
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
 Do
you think the dialogue is about
activities that are being done ?
 Do the activities take place at the time
of speaking ?
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
Look at the dialogue again.
Some of the words are underlined.
Do you know why they are
underlined?
 Mother is reading the newspaper.
 Father is walking up and down the
street.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
 Grand
father is watching TV.
 Kiran is studying for her physics test.
 I am listening to music.
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 Yes.
They are verbs. You know that
these verbs denote current activities
and events.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
How do we form the present
continuous ?
 I am/We are/ You are/ He is/ They
are smiling.
 We form the present continuous with
the present tense of be (that is,
am/is/are) and the – ing form of the
main verb.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
Meaning of the present continuous
Now or repeatedly?
 Bindu
is working in the garden now.
 We are watching cricket at the
moment.
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 To
talk about something happening
now.
 Words that show present time : now,
at the moment, at present, currently
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Temporary or permanent ?
 The
rich woman is living in a small
house in the village.
To
describe a temporary situation.
(It’s only temporary. Her doctor has
advised her rest for a month away from
the city.)
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
Study the following sentences.
 What
are you doing this weekend?
 I am meeting Peter tomorrow.
 We are driving to Albany this
weekend.
Planned future events
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
Too often or every time ?
 My
aunt is always quarrelling with her
neighbours.
 It
shows an emotion : irritation
 ‘Always’ means too often
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
Note : with the present continuous
 She is always complaining about the
food. ()
 She always is complaining about the
food. (x)
‘Always’ comes between be and the main verb.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
State verbs not in the continuous.
Verb can show an action or state.
Action – something happening
State – something that stays the same
way
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 agree,
be, believe, belong, consist off,
contain, cost, depend, deserve, exist,
forget, have, know, like, love, hate,
matter, mean, need, prefer, remember
seem, suppose, understand, want,
wish
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 Nobody
knows exactly how the
machine works. ()
 Nobody is knowing exactly how the
machine works. (x)
 This tonic contains 5 % alcohol. ()
 This tonic is containing 5% alcohol.(x)
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
Same verb : state or action?
A verb can sometimes have two
meanings – one showing a state, and
the other an action.
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I
think (=believe) you’re
good.
 I’m thinking of (=
considering) a holiday.
 They have (= own) several
houses in the city.
 state
action
state
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
 They
are having
(=organizing) a party
action
tonight.
 The film star comes from
state
(=was born in) Shillong.
 She is coming
action
(=travelling) from Chennai
after a shooting.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
Activity 3
Say whether each of these sentences
is right or wrong. Put a () mark
against the sentence you think is right
and a (x) mark against the sentence
you think is wrong.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
I
usually wash my own clothes.
 Is the sun going round the earth ?
 Are you understanding my problem?
 We are having a party tonight.
 I am thinking you are ill.
 Why are you always teasing me?
 The pudding is tasting nice.
 I have a flat at Gandhinagar.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
Key Answers :
1) ()
5) ()
2) ()
6) ()
7) ()
3) ()
8) ()
4) ()
See if you have answered correctly.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
Activity 4
Fill in the blanks in the dialogue
with the groups of words in the
boxes.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
(The phone rings. Susheela answers the
call)
 Susheela : Hello? Oh, Keerthi ! what’s
up?
 Keerthi : Hi, Sushi ! what are you doing?
 Susheela : I…………….for a test?
 Keerthi : What are Nita and Naveen
doing?
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
 Susheela
: They ……………….TV. You
know how crazy they are about
antakshari.
 Keerthi : Yes I do. Are your parents at
home?
 Susheela : Yes, they ……………….to
each other while my mother
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
……………………a new shirt for varun.
He …………………in the gardern.
is playing, am studying, are talking, is
stitching, are watching
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
 Key Answers
 am
studying, are watching, are
talking, is stitching, Is playing
 See if you have answered
correctly.
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012
VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012