Transcript Sentenced! Part 1

Sentenced! Part 1
On the Chain Gang -Chaining Words Together to
Create Correct Sentences
Verbs
The core or
nucleus
of every
sentence is a
verb.
Verbs
That means it is the
most important part,
and you cannot have
a sentence without at
least one verb that
is doing the job of a
verb.
The Jobs of Verbs
1. Add information about
people, places, things,
events, and so forth.
2. Indicate the time of
the message. (Tense)
Note about Verbs
A verb can be either a single
word or a set of words.
“Many birds live near brooks.”
“That homing pigeon has
flown back to Utah from
Mexico.”
Verbs Add Information
_____has been lying (in the
street)(for three weeks).
_____ received all A’s.
______ ate eight Big Macs and
three orders (of fries).
Who or what?
Verbs Show Time
_____ is a secret agent.
_____ was a secret agent.
______ will be a secret agent.
_______ has been a secret agent.
Who or what?
= Subject
Verbs Show Time
_____ runs six miles a day.
_____ ran six miles a day.
_____ will run six miles a day.
_____ has run six miles a day.
Who or what?
= Subject
The Subject
the wording (usually coming
before the verb) that a verb
adds information about
The Subject
The Job of the subject is to
occupy the “territory”
(usually) before the verb and
answer (or ask) who or what.
Who? What?
Nouns and Their Replacers
Higher Pay for Nouns!
The importance
of the jobs of
nouns is
second only to
the importance
of the jobs of
verbs.
Nouns and Their Replacers
The Test for Finding Nouns: Say THE before
each word (outside the sentence). If it “fits,”
and if the word’s meaning does not change,
the word is a noun.
This won’t work for
Proper nouns
-- look for the
capital letters.
Nouns and Their Replacers
Practice the Test for Finding Nouns:
The dog jumped over the orange
cow.
(Remember that the word shouldn’t change
meaning when “the, a, an” is placed in
front of it.)
Louie gently coaxed the pig
into its pen.
Noun Jobs
As subject (usually before the verb)
As an object of a verb
Sunshine has warmth.
As an object of a preposition
Shaylene came with friends.
Noun Replacers
1. Pronouns -- Personal
you he she it we they
2. Others -his yours theirs
someone nothing anybody
everything many few another
both either some etc.
that those this these
Sentenced! Part 2
On the Chain Gang -Chaining Words Together to
Create Correct Sentences
Reminder
The core or nucleus
of every sentence is
a verb which adds
information and
indicates time.
A Synonym
A verb may
also be
called a
predicate.
Reminder
The Job of the subject is to
occupy the “territory”
(usually) before the verb and
answer (or ask) who or what.
Who? What?
Sentence
a subject (shown
or “implied”)
+
a verb (that is
adding information
about the subject)
=
complete thought
A sentence is a
group of words that
expresses a
complete thought.
It will begin with a
capital letter and
and end with a
punctuation mark.
Examples of Sentences
Dinner was good.
Can you go to the mall with
me?
Get me some popcorn.
What a great game that
was!
About Clauses
No, not
that kind
of Claus!
About Clauses
Subject
+
Verb
=
Clause
A clause is a
group of words
that has a
subject and a
verb
(predicate).
Changing the Topic?
Are you
independent
or
dependent?
Independent or Dependent?
In other
words, can
you stand on
your own in
life?
An Independent Person
An independent
person can
stand on his or
her own -- lift
his or her own
“weight.”
An Independent Clause
An
independent
clause can
stand on its
own.
About Clauses
Subject
+
Verb
=
Clause
A clause is a
group of words
that has a
subject and a
verb
(predicate).
A Dependent Person
A dependent
person needs
help or care or
basics provided
for him or her.
A Dependent Clause
A dependent
clause needs an
independent
clause joined to it.
A dependent
clause can not
stand on its own.
About Clauses
Subject
+
Verb
=
Clause
A clause is a
group of words
that has a
subject and a
verb
(predicate).
A Dependent Clause
A dependent clause
has a subject and
a verb
(predicate), but
does not express
a complete
thought.
A Dependent Clause
Examples:
-- that you will
succeed
-- before she went
to the mall
-- where I have laid
my watch down
What makes a Clause
Dependent?
A word is added to
the front of the
clause.
-- before she went
to the mall
-- where I have laid
my watch down
Complex Sentence
When you
combine a
dependent
clause with an
independent
clause, you
have a complex
sentence.
Complex Sentence
If the dependent
clause comes
first, use a
comma ( , ) to
separate it from
the rest of the
sentence.
Dependent or Independent?
Where the candy was.
We never gave the other team a
chance.
Because I won the contest.
Will you help me clean up my room?
Sentenced! Part 3
On the Chain Gang -Chaining Words Together to
Create Correct Sentences
Why Worry About Sentences?
Why should we
worry about
using complete,
correct
sentences in
our writing?
Why Worry About Sentences?
What reasons
can you think
of?
Who would like
to be a scribe?
Why Worry About Sentences?
Why Worry About Sentences?
To make sense
Use them every day
Organization
The way we talk
The way we write
Not confused
B1
Why Worry About Sentences?
Used every day
B2
Get into college
Don’t Act like gangsters
Don’t sound stupid
So we can communicate with people
So Ms. Dorsey won’t get mad
Know what we’re trying to say
Why Worry About Sentences?
It makes sense
To not be a hick
To get a good grade
To get a job
Why Worry About Sentences?
A1
So people can understand us.
So you can get a good grade.
So we can sound educated.
Why Worry About Sentences?
A2
So people will understand
We don’t want to talk like Tarzan.
Get a good education
Can speak with a variety of people
Why Worry About Sentences?
Non-Sentences
To the left you see a
non-human.
Below you see some
non-sentences:
o green alien
o although he seems
friendly and cute
o that humans look
strange
Phrases
One possible type
of non-sentences
are PHRASES.
These are groups
of words that do
not contain both a
subject and a verb.
Phrases
One popular
phrase is
“Merry
Christmas!”
Phrases
Here are some
other phrases:
red glass ornaments
has been hanging
on the artificial tree
the tall teenage boy
without a ladder
Just for Fun
Can you answer
this question?
What do a cat
on a beach and
Christmas have
in common?
Just For Fun
The answer is
this:
They both have
“Sandy
Claus/claws”!
Back to Work on the Chain Gang!
Can you
explain what a
clause is?
No, not “Claus,”
but “clause.”
Back to Work on the Chain Gang!
Reminder:
When is a
clause not a
sentence -a nonsentence?
Back to Work on the Chain Gang!
Reminder:
What is a
phrase?
Three Major Types of NonSentences
a fragment
a run-on
a comma-splice
Fragments
A sentence
fragment is a
piece of a
sentence. It
cannot stand
on its own and
make sense.
Fragments
Examples:
Went to the theme park yesterday
We on the biggest roller coaster
My whole family
Because I wanted cotton candy
__________
A sentence fragment can be a phrase or
a clause (or a single word).
Run-On’s
A run-on
sentence
contains two
complete
thoughts that
are not joined
properly.
Run-On’s
Examples:
It is cold out I don’t want to wear my
heavy coat.
Becca will pick me up we’ll go ice
skating.
___________
A run-on will be made up of two (or
more) independent clauses.
Comma Splices
A comma-splice
is made up of
two sentences
joined by a
comma.
It also is a nonsentence!
Comma Splices
Examples:
Our team practiced every afternoon, we
practiced for an hour.
The coach gave the team a pep talk,
they played better after that.
------A comma-splice will be made up of two
(or more) independent clauses.
Sentenced! Part 4
On the Chain Gang -Chaining Words Together to
Create Correct Sentences
Back to Basics
A sentence must have a
verb.
A sentence also needs a
subject, but that may be
shown or implied.
(Put the yarn down, and step
away from the mouse with
your paws up.)
Back to Basics
Sentences are made up of
individual words,
phrases,
and clauses.
Of course, a sentence will also start with a
capital letter and end with an end
punctuation mark.
Back to Basics
A phrase is a sentence part made up
of more than one word.
A clause is a sentence part that has
both a subject and a verb.
Back to Basics
An independent clause has both a
subject and a verb, and can stand
on its own as a complete sentence.
A dependent clause has both a
subject and a verb, but cannot
stand on its own, usually because
something has been added to it.
Dependent or Independent?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I was surprised.
Since she was late.
That Ms. Dorsey gave a quiz today.
But the snack bar is closed.
Sierra rushed to class.
Tyler is hungry.
Dependent or Independent?
1. I was surprised that Ms. Dorsey gave
a quiz today.
2. Since she was late, Sierra rushed to
class.
3. Tyler is hungry, but the snack bar is
closed.
Three Major Types of NonSentences
a fragment
a run-on
a comma-splice
These are crimes against grammar!
Crimes Against Grammar!
A fragment is a
set of words
that does not
present a
complete
thought.
Crimes Against Grammar!
A run-on is two
complete sentences
(two independent
clauses) that have
been shoved
together without
being properly
joined.
Crimes Against Grammar!
A comma-splice
is two complete
sentences (two
independent
clauses) that have
been shoved
together with just a
comma inbetween.
Crimes Against Grammar!
These are actually
criminals that can be
reformed! There are
ways to fix fragments,
run-ons, and commasplices!
Legal Ways to Create
Sentences
1. Simple Sentence
2. Compound Sentence
3. Complex Sentence
Remember?
Legal Ways to Create
Sentences
1. Simple Sentence =
noun + verb
Legal Ways to Create
Sentences
1. Simple Sentence =
noun + verb
Example:
Mr. Christensen is
leaving.
Make up another
example.
Legal Ways to Create
Sentences
2. Compound
Sentence
Two independent clauses
(complete sentences)
are joined together
with appropriate
conjunctions and
punctuation.
Legal Ways to Create
Sentences
2. Compound
Sentence
Mr. Christensen is leaving,
and the students are
sad.
Make up another
compound
sentence.
Legal Ways to Create
Sentences
2. Complex
Sentence
A dependent clause and
an independent clause
are joined together
with appropriate
conjunctions and
punctuation.
Legal Ways to Create
Sentences
2. Complex Sentence
Example:
After Mr. Christensen
leaves, school won’t be as
fun. (or)
School won’t be as fun
after Mr. Christensen
leaves.
Legal Ways to Create
Sentences
2. Complex Sentence
Example:
Create your own
example, and write
it first with the
dependent clause
first, and then with
the dependent
clause last.
Legal Ways to Create
Sentences
2. Complex/
Compound
Sentence:
Dependent Clause
+ two
independent
clauses, or . . .
Legal Ways to Create
Sentences
Example: Since Mr.
Christensen was
such a great student
teacher, the
students got better
grades, and Ms.
Dorsey wasn’t as
stressed as usual.
Complex/
Compound
Sentence
Legal Ways to Create
Sentences
Create your own
example of a
compound/
complex
sentence.
Complex/
Compound
Sentence