Transcript Shifts in Sentences - Central Texas College

Shifts in Sentences
St. Martin’s Handbook
Chpt 34 Pg 644-648
S&S Handbook Pg 308
Types of Shifts
Problems in this class
• Shifts in “talking” or discourse
• Shifts in Point of View
(I/you/he/she/it/they)
• Shifts in verb tense
Shifts in “Talking”
• He asked did we enjoy the movie? –
NO
–Why is it wrong?
• He asked, “Did you enjoy the
movie?” – Yes
• He asked if we enjoyed the movie. –
Yes
What is a POV shift?
• Shifts in person and number
– I enjoy reading financial forecasts of the future,
but you wonder which will turn out to be correct.
• Point of View – Pick 1 and stick with it
– I = first person singular
– You = second person singular
– He/she/it = third person singular
– We – first person plural
– They – third person plural
Shifts in POV
1. Because people are living longer,
an employee now retires later.
2. I like my job in customer service,
because you get to solve
problems.
POV Shifts
1. When an employee is treated with
respect, they are more motivated to
do a good job.
2. People enjoy feeling productive, so
when a job is unsatisfying, you
usually become depressed.
POV Shifts – Essay Ex 1
Bob never told the people closest to
him how he felt, but his grandson
believe that the old man refused to die
until everyone he cared for knew how
much they meant to him. (Good) He
never came out fully and said how he
felt, but he told you that you made
him proud.
POV Shifts –Essays Ex 2 & 3
• Snowboarding is about intensity. How
far will one go to hit that jump or nose
slide that jib? From your first time on the
hill ….
• Many people feel that where they rest
their head makes a home… Without love
in the home you have nothing and love is
your blueprint…
POV Shifts
•In India, millions of visitors to the Taj
Mahal see a glorious white-marble building
that serves a tribute to undying love, but
you also see pollution and serious
deterioration of the property.
•Government officials have closed down
polluting factories in the immediate area,
but it allows petrochemical plant ….
POV Shifts
•Soon visitors will enter through a
new, clean tourist center, complete
with a café and computerized
ticketing, and you will find a tour
of the cleansed, restored
monument to eternal love.
Shifts in “talking” & discourse
• Indirect discourse = not enclosed in
quotation
–Johnny said that he hated Sally
because she has cooties.
• Direct discourse = enclosed in quotation
–Johnny said, “I hate Sally. She has
cooties.”
More Practice
1. People experience role conflict
when we find ourselves trying to
juggle too much.
2. When people reach overload, he or
she should decide….
3. You may decide to delay having
children so they can achieve early
career success.
Practice
6) A plant mgr might enjoy social
interaction with employees but find
themselves unable to evaluate him or
her objectively.
8) People can minimize role conflict if
we learn to compartmentalize our
lives.
Shifts in Verb Tense
• Tense = time in which the action of a
verb takes place. Past, present, or future
• Past – walked; present – walk, future will
walk
• When did the action take place?
–Past, present, or future
–Stay in that tense
Shift in Tense
• A campaign to clean up movies in the
U.S. began in the 1920s as civic and
religious groups try to ban sex and
violence from the screen.
–When did this happen? Past, pres,
or future?
Shift in Tense
• Film producers and distributors
created the Production Code in the
1930s. At first, violating its
guidelines carried no penalty.
Eventually, films that fail to get the
board’s seal of approval do not
receive wide distribution.
–When did this happen?
Shift in Tense
• The Production Code included two
guidelines on violence: Do not show details
of brutal killings, and movies should not be
explicit about hot to commit crimes.
• The Production Code included two
guidelines on violence: Do not show details
of brutal killings, and do not be explicit
about hot to commit crimes.
Shift in Tense
• The code’s writers worried
that if a crime were to be
accurately depicted in a movie,
copycat crimes will follow.
• Correction: would follow
Subjunctive Verbs
• Wishes, requests, demands,
recommendations
– If I had trained for the race, I might have won.
• Speculation
– If it were to rain, attendance would be
disappointing.
• If I’ve marked tense problems on your paper,
then ask yourself if you can use past, present,
or future. Keep it simple.
Subjunctive Verbs
• Wishes, requests, demands,
recommendations
– If I had trained for the race, I might have won.
• Speculation
– If it were to rain, attendance would be
disappointing.
• If I’ve marked tense problems on your paper,
then ask yourself if you can use past, present,
or future. Keep it simple.
In Your Books
• St. Martin’s Handbook Chpt 34 Pg
644-648
• S&S Handbook Pg 308
NOW THAT YOU KNOW WHAT SHIFTS
ARE, YOU CAN FIX THEM IN YOUR
ESSAYS. STAY IN 1 POV. CHECK THE
VERB TENSES.
“KNOWING IS HALF THE BATTLE” (GI
JOE).