Transcript Unit 8 Do’s and Don’ts

Unit 8
Do’s and Don’ts
Grammar
Table of contents
• Have to
• Modal auxiliary verbs
• Should
• Must
Have to
• Form:
 + : S + have/has + to + infinitive
 - : S + have/has + NOT + to + infinitive
 ? : Do/Does + S + have + to + infinitive ?
• Note: past tense of “have” is “had”, with
did and didn’t in the question and
negative.
Have to
• Use:
– “Have to” expresses strong obligation
(coming from “outside”) e.g.: You have to go
to school.
– “Don’t/Doesn’t” have to expresses absence
of obligation, e.g.: We don’t have to wash the
dishes tonight.
– “Have to” expresses obligation as a habit,
while have got to expresses it on a particular
occasion.
Modal auxiliary verbs
• These are modal auxiliary verbs:
– Can
– Must
– Should
– Would
- Could
- Shall
- Will
- May
• Can you think of an example for each
one?
Modal auxiliary verbs
• Notes:
– They go with another verb and add meaning
– There is no “s” in the third person singular
– There is no do/does in the question
– There is no don’t/doesn’t in the negative
Should
• Form: Should + infinitive
– the forms of should are the same for all
persons.
• Use:
– Should expresses what the speaker think is
right or most appropriate. However, it can
express just the opinion of them.
– Shouldn’t” expresses negative advice.
Must
• Form: Must + infinitive
– the forms of must are the same for all
persons.
– In questions, we should use “have to”
instead of “must”
Must
• Use:
– Must expresses strong obligation ( coming
from the “inside” of the speaker).
– Be careful when using must, you may sound
“bossy”
– However, must can also express a strong
suggestion.
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