Transcript Clusters and Diphthongs - Northern Illinois University

FOCUS and AFFIXES
www.seasite.niu.edu/tagalog
Tagalog Grammar - VERBAL FOCUS
Actor Focus Verbal affixes
• Indicate that the focus (actor) of the
sentence is doing the action of the verb
• The -UM- Verb
• The MAG- Verb
• The MA- Verb
The –UM Verbs
This verb is formed by attaching the infix -UM- to
the verb root. The -UM- affix always comes
right before the first vowel of the root word.
(samples are in the past tense/perfective
aspect)
– Kumain (kain)
– Umalis (alis)
– Tumakbo (takbo)
– Pumunta (punta)
A major affix that is usually found in verbs
denoting casual action and/or action not
involving movement of an object external to the
actor.
Designates actor’s movement from one place to
another
Does not occur with roots/base words beginning
with m or w
Sample sentences
• Kumain siya kagabi.
• Pumunta si Ate Marvs sa Nevada,
Arizona, at California noong Disyembre.
• Umalis ang tatay kanina.
Your Sample Sentences
Mag- Verbs
These verbs are formed by attaching the prefix
MAG- to the verb root. Because MAG- is a
prefix, it is always attached to the front of the
word.
Magbigay (bigay) – to give
Magluto (luto) – to cook
Maglaro (laro) – to play
Maghanda (handa) – to prepare
A major actor focus affix that connotes deliberate
action involving movement of an object
external to the actor. In a sentence, this verb
requires a object or ng phrase.
Used in verbalization of borrowed words
magbus
magkompyuter
magbasketbol
Sample Sentences
(Past/Perfective)
• Nagbasketbol siya kapahon.
• Nagbigay si Mila ng mga regalo sa mga
bata noong Pasko.
• Nagluto ang nanay ng pansit kagabi.
Sample verbs that will take both
um and mag affixes
• Magbasa – bumasa
• Magsulat – sumulat
• Magsayaw – sumayaw
Your Sample Sentences
Ma Verbs
• This is verb that is used as an actor affix and in rare
instances as an object affix.
• It is also a prefix.
– Matulog – tulog – to sleep
– Maligo – ligo – to bathe
– Matuto – tuto - to learn
– Makinig – kinig – to listen
– Mahuli – huli – to be late
– Nanood – nood – to view or to watch
• Used with inactive verbs
• As an Object affix (very rare)
– Makita – kita – to see
• Nakita niya si Ben. (past) He/She saw Ben.
– Mahalata – halata – to notice
• Nahalata ni Ben na galit ang tatay.
Ben noticed that father is angry.
Your Sample Sentences
Objects Focus Verbal Affixes
These affixes indicate that the focus of the
sentence is the object (receiver of the
action).
I verbs
In verbs
An Verbs
I- Affix
• Often denotes action affecting the
position of the goal but not causing a
change in its structure.
• This is usually the object affix
counterpart of mag- verbs
• Itapon – to throw
• Iuwi – to take home
• Iakyat – to bring up/to take up
• Ialok – to offer
• Ilabas – to take out
Command form
• Itapon mo ang basura sa labas.
• Iuwi ninyo ang ulam para kay nanay.
• Ilabas mo ang daing kasi mabaho.
Your Sample Sentences
-In verbal affix
• Denotes action radically affecting the goal/object such as
those causing the change in its structure
• It is a suffix; i.e. it is added at the end of the root.
• Usually it is the object counterpart of –um.
– Inumin – inom – to drink
– Lutuin – luto – to drink
– Tapusin – tapos – to finish
*** in suffixation o changes to u
Cooking verbs
• Tadtarin – tadtad – to chop
• Hiwain – hiwa – to slice
• Haluin – halo – to mix
Command Form
• Haluin mo ang ulam.
• Inumin ninyo ang gatas sa mesa.
• Tapusin mo ang “homework” sa Tagalog.
• Lutuin mo ang isda.
Your Sample Sentences
-An Affix
• Typically denotes actions affecting the surface
or appearance of the goal but not causing a
change of its structure
• It is a suffix
• Denote movement in relation to a goal
• Denote action typically involving a human goal
• Used in a few pseudo-verbs
• Affecting the appearance but not causing
change
– Hugasan – hugas – to wash
– Walisan – walis – to sweep
– Bukasan/buksan – bukas – to open
– Sarahan/ sarhan – sara – to close
*** han is used if final letter of the root is a vowel a
• Movement in relation to a goal
– Abutan – abot – to pass something to
– Dalahan/dalhan – dala – to bring something
to
– Lapitan – lapit – to approach someone
– Puntahan – punta – to go to
– Upuan – upo – to sit down on
• Action involving a human/animate goal
– Halikan – halik – to kiss
– Ngitian – ngiti- to smile at
– Tulungan – tulong – to help
Your sample sentences: