Transcript Слайд 1 - Kochenkova

Teaching Vocabulary
A word is a microcosm of
human consciousness.
Vygotsky
A word cannot be taught.
It can be presented, explained,
included in all kinds of activities,
and experienced in all manner of
associations … but ultimately it is
learned by the individual. As
language teachers, we must arouse
interest in words…
From Communicating Naturally in a Second Language, CUP
Means of presentation
Translation
Real things, Pictures
Actions/gestures
Definitions
Example sentences
Situations
Some Painless Practice
Extraordinary
Ardent
Scrutinize
Regale
Procure
Look up the dictionary!
1st in the world, Assyria: 7th B.C.
Greeks: 5th BC (Homer)
Chinese dictionary: 2nd AD
Italiano-Tedesco: 1477, 1st bilingual
English:
1604, Robert Cawdrey 3,000 dif
1755, Samuel Johnson
1828, Noah Webster, 70,000
1933, Oxford English Dictionary, 425k
extraordinary written f
Spoken form
Meanings – 1. v unusual, surprising
2. more impressive
= unusual, incredible
Frequency – S3 W3
Connotations –
v much greater, appr or disappr
BUT approving if about a person
extraordinary
Register –
BrE quite/most extraordinary,
spoken BrE How extraordinary!
Collocations –
1.e meeting/session 2.minister e
Grammatical behaviour – it’s e that,
e thing to do/say/happen
Derivations – extraordinarily adv,
extraordinaire adj, only after noun,
humourous, chef extraordinaire
ardent
ardent
= passionate, Latin ardere = burn
Literary. Showing strong feeling of
love
regale
régaler, from Old French gale
'pleasure, fun'
From there he would descend and
regale visitors with his anecdotes.
Phrasal verb, written
Regale sb with sth
Phrasal verbs
1.
2.
3.
4.
I , e.g. come to
T inseparable, e.g. look into
T separable, e.g. put off
3-part, e.g. put up with
T inseparable
Phrasal verbs groups
Lexical verb:
get up/ back/ off/ over etc
Particles:
Drive/cool/ stick/ kick/ note down
procure
In the Soviet times most products
had to be procured.
After the war the government
procured an official pardon for exfighters to establish peace.
He was accused of procuring
weapons for terrorists
T formal
Formal - informal
Possession of such a letter is not
obligatory but should greatly
facilitate entry.
 It’s not absolutely necessary to
have this letter, but if you do have
it, it’ll make it much easier to get
into the country.
Informal - formal
These arrangements may have to
be changed, particularly if the
weather’s bad.
Subject to alteration, especially in
adverse weather conditions.
Mark the register
Dear Scott,
I have booked Diana to arrive in
Barcelona at 22.25 on 19th August. I
hope the lateness of the hour
doesn’t discommode you too much.
Di will be flying out on 25th August.
Are you cool with these
arrangement? If not, I can change
them no probs.
Regards,
• look carefully/closely
• take/have a look at
• analyze • study • check
• check over • inspect
• go through/go over
• look over • scrutinize
To examine something
scrutinise
N scru.ti.ny
N scru.ti.neer
N scruple
Adj scru.pu.lous
Word family
Make words
PRR
XDR
RTZ
RDT
RGL
Use in a sentence!
Regale + Procure
Procure + Scrutinize
Scrutinize + Extraordinary
Extraordinary + Ardent
Ardent + Regale
Extraordinary / scrutinize /
ardent / procure / regale
Plain/daily/astonishing/pleasant
Enthusiastic/clear/involved/
occupied
Enjoy/read/arrange/inspect
Bore/confuse/entertain/destroy
Seal/obtain/rescue/convince
Synonyms!
Devour
Ponder
Endure
Elicit
Sheer
devour
T 1.eat when hungry 2.read/watch
with great interest 3.literary to
destroy someone or something
4. to use up all of something
Be devoured by sth
Learning vocabulary is
learning to make the best
lexical choice for the needs
of the moment.
David Crystal
Why go to supermarket?
Local shops have limited choice
Why difficult to buy from
supermarket?
Too much choice
Need to consult consumer
magazines
Activate devour 1.
Eat up
Finish
Finish off/up
Polish off
Demolish
Learn a word
Gain two!
ponder
Latin ponderare = to weigh
formal to spend time thinking
carefully and seriously about a
problem, a difficult question, or
something that has happened
[= consider]
He continued to ponder the
problem as he walked home.
Holyfield had a considerable
advantage over his ponderous
opponent
Inquiry should be done boldly,
whether applied to innovation or
ponderous theoretical matter.
Connotation and Emphasis
Famous/notorious
Freedom fighter
Terrorist
Assert
Aggress
Angry / fuming / furious / livid
What’s the connotation?
Ponderous book/system
When the Greek Gods
made his life
miserable, the hero
Odysseus had no
choice but to endure.
endure
V
Adj enduring
N endurance
Adj endurable
Word formation
elicit
When her knock elicited no
response, she opened the door and
peeped in.
The test uses pictures to elicit
words from the child.
The longest story is so full of
pathos that the joke lines elicit only
sympathy, not laughter.
sheer
She was wearing sheer
stockings.
 The sheer size of the country
makes communication difficult.
I’ll never forget the look of
sheer joy on her face.
sheer
Adj
1.heavy, large 2.pure
3.v steep 4.thin and fine
Polysemy
They saw cliffs which rose
sheer from the sea.
The boat sheered away and
headed out to sea.
Some words can be more
than one part of speech!
Make words
NDR
LCT
SHR
PNR
DVR
One more for the list
now / gift : present
steep / large
consume / read
consider / weigh
bring forth / draw out
go through / put up with
Ponder/devour/endure/elicit/sheer
Kindness is contagious! One act of
kindness may __ another.
When Henry saw his perfect test
score, he boasted of his __
brilliance.
Nowadays we hardly have to __
muscle pain; anyone can easily
purchase over-the-counter
painkillers.
Context!
Ponder/devour/endure/elicit/sheer
Theresa hadn’t eaten in hours, and
she couldn’t wait to __ the meals
placed before her.
Maya liked to think about infinity, a
concept she could __ for hours.
Context!
Verbal analogy
 Public – private
 Weigh – heavy
Extraordinary
Ardent
Sheer
Scrutinise
Devour
Regale
Ponder
Cater
Adorn
Former
Abate
Enthrall
cater
Phr v
cater for sb/sth; cater to sb/sth
Word family
Caterer n, catering n, self-catering n
Date:1500-1600 Origin:cater
'someone who provides food,
caterer' (14-17 centuries), from
Anglo-French acatour, from Old
North French acater 'to buy'
Phrasal verb = V+ adverb
(ahead, away, back)
• Can stand alone:
It went astray.
• Personal pronoun goes before
the particle:
They called him up last week.
Prepositional verb = V+
preposition (at, for, from)
• Needs a following noun phrase:
The dog went for the postman.
• Personal pronoun goes after the
particle:
They called on him last week.
Phrasal-prepositional verbs:
look forward to,
get away with
up
on
out
away
back
in
off
down
up
on
out
away
back
in
off
down
vomit
eject/reject
return
put into
with force
get
rid of
remove
down
away
escape
distant from
out of sight
up
completion,
direction to higher level:
Time’s up! - finished
up over
on
out
through
away
back
round
in
off
at
down by
adorn
= decorate, trim
formal
Grammar: adorn sth with sth
W family:
N adornment
abate
Public anger does not appear to be
abating
Steps are to be taken to abate
pollution.
Until the storm abates, I think I’ll
just pull over to the side of the
road.
His kindlier feelings abated, to be
replaced by a resurgence of ill
humour.
enthral
Am E enthrall
W gr: usually passive
be enthralled by/ with sb/sth
UK / US difference:
Odor - odour
Centre – center
Scrutinise – scrutinize
Sport jacket – sports jacket
Spring onion – green onion
Cuff – turn up
UK / US difference: quite
quite/most extraordinary
BrE not v enthusiastic about sth
AmE makes the adj stronger
Emphasis (stress):
BrE quite – not very, adj – very
AmE – always very
very interesting: fascinating,
gripping, riveting, engrossing,
enthralling, spellbinding
riveting or gripping is so interesting
or exciting that you do not want to
stop watching it, reading it etc
something that is engrossing, such
as a book or your work, is so
interesting that you do not notice
anything that is happening around
you
a story, film, piece of music etc that
is spellbinding is so original or
interesting that you are unable to
think about anything else while you
are reading it, watching it etc
a story, film, game etc that is
mesmerizing or enthralling is very
interesting and exciting, so that you
give all your attention to it
former
S2 W1
In former times/years
Sb/sth’s former self
Be a shadow/ghost of your former
self
Make words
RMR
BT
DRN
CTR
NHL
The local school was __ a hospital.
I was looking at the house
yesterday, and it needs something,
some kind of __.
It's the most __ house for children
I've seen.
The strange voices in her head __,
but at a heavy price.
It is clear that food sales in pubs
are increasing faster than those in
any other sector of the __ industry.
derivatives
Cater/adorn/enthrall/abate/former
Boxing is a violent sport, a fact
that __ many of the sport’s
fans. When you see a fighter’s
shorts __ with a skull-andcrossbones logo, you know
that some of the sport’s
participants are only too eager
to __ to their fans’ thirst for
blood.
Paragraph
Cater/adorn/enthrall/abate/former
Many retired fighters, including __
heavyweight champ Muhammad
Ali, suffer from the excessive blows
they have absorbed in the ring.
Until the public’s love of violence
__, we can count on more violence
in the ring and more injuries to the
sports practitioners.
Paragraph
To learn a word

6
or more encounters with it!
The Last Word
Abate – lessen the intensity
Devour – increase the intensity
Which other list words reflect
intensity?
What makes the words
difficult?
Pronunciation
Spelling
Length & complexity
Grammar
Meaning
Range, connotation and
idiomaticity
Grouping into
Initial vowel lists
Parts of speech
Change to make sense:
– Extraordinary person
– Ardent person
– Sheer person
– Former person
Words to use about a person
Verbs to take an object (person/thing)
Show time!
The new chief executive knew he’d
have a hard time trying to equal the
__ leader in terms of popularity,
effectiveness and reputation.
When his parents showed their son
his first bicycle, an expression of
__ delight appeared on the boy’s
face.
 The Brandts look forward all year
to their tree-trimming party, where
everyone gets a chance to select a
trinket to __ the tree.
As the campfire burned, the
scoutmaster __ the boys with a
couple of amusing ghost stories.
The principal, hoping to __ a
confession, told the student in
great detail all the convincing
evidence he had gathered.
The restaurant owner knew what
his customers liked, and he made a
pile of money because he was
smart enough to __ to their tastes.
After Philip had been caught
cheating, his teacher sent him to
detention and encouraged him to
use his time there to __ the
foolishness of his ways.
Before you sign the contract, you
had better __ each and every word.
Because Romeo had so __ ly
confessed his true affections, Juliet
could find little reason to hide hers.
The New York Yankees began the
season in __ fashion by playing a
pair of games in – of all places –
Tokyo!
Even though you earned only a B
on the third-quarter report card,
now is not the time to __ your
efforts; with a solid forth quarter,
you can still earn an A in this class.
Yitzhak Perlman’s violin solo __ the
audience, who could only wonder at
the quality of the sound.
After having fasted for an entire
day, Bill __ the first meal that was
placed before him.
When TV first appeared on the
scene, some people wondered
whether this new invention would
__ , but now, many years later, TV
is more popular than ever.
Terri had so much fun using her
friend’s Play Station that she was
eager to __ one of her own.
On Your Own
Write a good body paragraph about
the fascination you had when a
child. Include at least five words.
Strong topic sentence
Several supporting Ss
Strong clincher sentence to wrap it up
Without grammar very little
can be conveyed, without
vocabulary nothing can be
conveyed.
David Wilkins