Transcript Parts of Speech - Pittman's Language Arts 10

Parts of Speech
Yes, you’re taking notes.
What are they?
Noun
Pronoun
Verb
adjective
Adverb
Preposition
Conjunction
interjection
Nouns
Nouns are words that name a person, a place,
a thing, or an idea.
Person: aunt, ecologist, Rodrigo, father-in-law, child
Place: playground, city, living room, Arizona
Thing: moon, whale, chipmunk, Empire State
Building
Idea: democracy, hope, respect, impatience
More on Nouns
A concrete noun names an object that
occupies space or can be recognized by any of
the senses.
Salt, whisper, thunder, sand, scent, etc.
An abstract noun names an idea, a quality or a
characteristic.
Confusion, grief, patience, clarity, friendship, etc.
Singular and Plural Nouns
A singular noun names one person, place
thing or idea.
Boy, branch, story, hoof, woman
A plural noun names more than one.
Boys, branches, stories, hooves, women
Practice
Write the plural form of each noun.
Reason
Person
Glass
Child
Keyboard
Possessive Nouns
The possessive form of a noun can show
possession, ownership, or the general
relationship between the two nouns.
Susie’s calculator
Morris’s strobe light
The Wilsons’ newspaper
The boys’ headaches
The women’s meeting
The sheep’s noses
practice
Rewrite each phrase below, using the
possessive form of the noun in parentheses.
The (tomato) color
The (restaurant) prices
The (secretaries) computers
The (men) business cards
The (meetings) agendas
Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that takes the place
of a noun, a group of words acting on a
noun, or another pronoun. The word or
the group of words to which a pronoun
refers is called its antecedent.
pronouns
When N. Scott Momaday wrote The Way to
Rainy Mountain, he was retelling Kiowa
legends.
Langston Hughes and Arna Bontemps were
major figures of the Harlem Renaissance. Both
edited The Book of Negro Folklore.
Very few can still remember poems they
memorized for class.
Personal and possessive pronouns
A personal pronoun refers to a specific
person, place, thing, or idea by
indicating the person speaking, the
people being spoken to, or any other
person being talked about.
Personal pronouns
First person
singular
plural
I, me
We, us
Second person you
you
Third person
They, them
He, him, she,
her, it
Possessive pronouns
First person: my, mine, our, ours
Second person: your, yours
Third person: his, her, hers, its, their,
theirs
Is that her journal?
That journal is hers.
Practice
Identify each pronoun in the following
sentences. Tell if the pronoun is possessive.
Workers must pay income tax if their earnings are
in excess of a specified limit.
When the accused was confronted with the
evidence, he confessed.
The dog wagged its tail.
Please fasten your seatbelts.
Verbs
A verb is a word that expresses an action or a
state of being and is necessary to make a
statement.
The author summarized his story.
The artist cleaned her brushes.
The actor winked at the audience.
This banner appears dusty.
Verb tense
Present tense: I smell the roses.
Past tense: I smelled the roses.
Future tense: I will smell the roses.
Action Verbs
An action verb tells what someone or
something does.
The chorus sang the new song.
The chorus liked the new song.
She spoke the words of the challenge.
She spoke clearly.
practice
Find the verbs in the following
sentences.
That tailor is an expert.
We had expected the letter for days.
You should exercise daily.
History repeats itself.
Adjectives
An adjective is a word that modifies a
noun or a pronoun by limiting its
meaning.
Three dollars
Chinese teacup
Any objections
Purple balloon
Baby ducks
Practice
Write each adjective and the word it
modifies.
The apple pie is delicious.
Several large trees fell in the storm.
I seldom wear my dress shoes.
Fifty years is a short time in history.
Adverbs
An adverb is a word that modifies a
verb, an adjective, or another adverb by
making its meaning more specific.
She ran quickly.
She has often won.
She is very talented and extremely diligent.
She almost always runs quite fast.
Practice
Write each adverb and what it modifies.
I am thoroughly disgusted.
Seldom can I select a good watermelon.
Please set the table properly.
Dan is an unusually good driver.
The air conditioner is barely working.
Prepositions
A preposition is a word that shows the
relationship of a noun or a pronoun to
another word in a sentence.
The mother of the kittens lives here.
I will see you after lunch.
She sang her song for them.
Common Prepositions
Aboard, about, above, across, after, against, along,
amid, among, around, as, at, before, behind, below,
beneath, beside, besides, between, beyond, but, by,
concerning, despite, down, during, except, for, from,
into, like, near, of, off, on, onto, opposite, out, outside,
over, past, pending, throughout, to, toward, under,
underneath, until, up, upon, with, within, without
Prepositional Phrases
A prepositional phrase is a group of
words that begins with a preposition and
ends with a noun or a pronoun.
We went to the fair.
He rode along with them.
I met them at the mall.
He satisfied his sweet tooth with saltwater
taffy.
Practice
Find each prepositional phrase.
The diameter of a circle extends from one side to
the other.
Because of the power outage, we could not
videotape the game.
During my study period, I consulted the adviser
about my schedule.
On the outskirts of town are several parks.
Conjunctions
A conjunction is a word that joins single
words or groups of words.
And, but, or, so, nor, for, yet
Their skit includes a rabbit and a bird.
She dresses fashionably but tastefully.
Winter days are short, so houseplants may
need extra light.
Practice
Find all conjuctions.
Do you want the apple or the pear?
I’ll serve your eggs either scrambled or
poached.
Was your trip to Hawaii in the spring or in
the fall?
I do not like the taste of squid, nor do I like
the appearance of it.
Interjections
An interjection is a word or phrase that
expresses emotion or exclamation.
Oh, my! I had no idea.
Ah, that’s good.
Good grief! Is that true?
Ouch! That hurts.
Wow! This is super!
Practice
Identify the interjections.
Oh, no! I’ve lost my keys again.
Thank goodness, I’ve found them.
Ha, I caught you.
Yippee! We both aced the exam.
Your diamond ring is beautiful. Wow!
Hey, what are you doing?
Those were just the basics. We’ll being
going into detail on grammar, including
the nitty gritty on parts of speech as the
quarter drags on.