Transcript Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)

BIODATA
• NAMA
• UNIT KERJA
• JABATAN
: NGADIYO,SPD
: SMAN-2 KUALA KAPUAS
: GURU MATA PELAJARAN BKS INGGRIS
TEMPAT TGL LAHIR : SUKUHARJO, 20-04-1969
HOBY
: JOGGING
ALAMAT
: PEMUDA PERMAI BLOK
B8 KUALA KAPUAS
PEND. TERKHIR
: S1 PEND BHS INGGRIS
UMS SOLO
PENGALAMA MENGAJAR
1992-1997- STM TB TAWANG SARI
1996-1998 STM IPTEK WERU
1998-2003 – SMUN1 KAPUAS TENGAH
2003-SEKARANG – SMAN 2 KUALA KAPUAS
REPORTED SPEECH
BY
NGADIYO, SPD
SMAN 2 KUALA KAPUAS
Reported Speech (Indirect
Speech)
If we report what another person has said,
we usually do not use the speaker’s exact
words (direct speech), but reported
(indirect) speech. Therefore, you need to
learn how to transform direct speech into
reported speech. The structure is a little
different depending on whether you want to
transform a statement, question or request.
Statements
When transforming statements, check whether you
have to change:
•pronouns
•present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
•place and time expressions
•tenses (backshift)
•TypeExampledirect speech“I speak
English.”reported speech
(no backshift)He says that he speaks
English.reported speech
(backshift)He said that he spoke English
Example
Direct speech“I speak English.”
Reported speech
(no backshift)He says that he speaks
English.
Reported speech
(backshift)He said that he spoke English
Questions
When transforming questions, check whether you
have to change:
•pronouns
•present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
•place and time expressions
•tenses (backshift)
•Also note that you have to:
•transform the question into an indirect question
•use the interrogative or if / whether
Example
• with interrogative
• direct speech“Why don’t you speak
English?”
• reported speech He asked me why I
didn’t speak English.
• without interrogative
• direct speech“Do you speak English?”
• reported speechHe asked me whether / if
I spoke English
Requests
When transforming questions, check whether
you have to change:
•pronouns
•place and time expressions
Type
Example
direct speech“Carol, speak English.“
reported speechHe told Carol to speak English.
Main Clauses connected with
and / but
• If two complete main clauses are connected with
‚and‘ or ‚but‘, put ‚that‘ after the conjunction.
• Example:
– He said,“I saw her but she didn’t see me.“ – He said
that he had seen her but that she hadn’t seen him.“
• If the subject is left out in the second main
clause (the conjunction is followed by a verb), do
not use ‚that‘.
• Example:
– She said,“I am a nurse and work in a hospital.“ – He
said that she was a nurse and worked in a hospital.“
Tense of the Introductory Clause
• The introductory clause usually is in Past Tense.
• Example:
– He said that …
• Present Tense is often used to report a conversation that
is still going on, e. g. during a phone call or while reading
a letter.
• Example:
– “I am fine.“ – Tom says that he is fine.
• The introductory clause can also be in another tense. In
the following table you can see, for which tense of the
introductory clause you have to use backshift in reported
speech.
• No Backshift
if introductory clause is in …
• Simple Present (He says …)
• Present Perfect (He has said …)
• Future I will (He will say …)
• Future I going to (He is going to say …)
Backshift
if introductory clause is in …
• Simple Present (He says …)
• Present Perfect (He has said …)
• Future I will (He will say …)
• Future I going to (He is going to say …)
• Simple Past (He said …)
• Past Perfect (He had said …)
• Future II ( He will have said …)
• Conditional I (He would say …)
• Conditional II (He would have said …)
Backshift in Reported Speech
Direct Speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to)
Future I (will)
Conditional I
Future II
Conditional II
Reported Speech
Simple Past
Past Progressive
Past Perfect Simple
Past Perfect Progressive
was / were going to
Conditional I
Conditional II
Backshift in Reported Speech
• The basic rules for backshift when
transforming direct speech into reported
speech are:The basic rules for backshift
when transforming direct speech into
reported speech are: