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Indirect Statement Indirect Statement Direct Statement: the ships are approaching. Indirect statement: the messenger says that the ships are approaching. Indirect Statement Direct Statement: the ships are approaching. Indirect statement: the messenger says that the ships are approaching. Introductory verb (saying/perceiving) + Accusative + Infinitive When translating: add THAT • How to recognise: Introductory verb (saying/perceiving) + accusative + infinitive nuntius dicit naves appropinquare. The messenger says THAT the ships are approaching. When translating: add THAT 1. 2. 3. 4. Caecilius dicit servum laborare. audio hostes fugere. dux dicit homines multos Romae habitare. sentio hos viros fideles esse. Things to watch out for 1. se (refers to speaker)/eum (refers to someone else) Caecilius videt se laborare. Caecilius sees that he (C.) is working. Caecilius videt eum laborare. Caecilius sees that he (someone else) is working. 2. Two accusatives audio milites hostes fugere. I hear that the soldiers are fleeing the enemy. 3. Tense of the introductory verb. 4. Tense of the infinitive Tense of the introductory verb If the introductory verb is in the past tense, shift the tense backwards one notch when translating the infinitive. nuntius dicit naves appropinquare. The messenger says that the ships are approaching. nuntius dixit naves appropinquare. The messenger said that the ships were approaching. Tense of the infinitive nuntius dicit naves appropinquare. The messenger says that the ships are approaching. nuntius dicit naves appropinquavisse. The messenger says that the ships have approached. Infinitives portavisse • Which tense infinitive do you think this might be? (think about how we normally recognise tenses) • How is it translated? • portavisse – v indicates perfect infinitive • To have carried portaturus esse • Which tense infinitive do you think this might be? • How is it translated? • portaturus – -ur- indicates future infinitive • To be about to carry Which is which and why? portatum esse to be carried present passive portari to have been carried perfect passive • Similar to perfect passive indicative, which also has two parts e.g. portatus est = he was carried Active Present To carry portare, docere, trahere, audire Perfect To have carried portavisse, docuisse, traxisse, audivisse Future To be about to carry portaturus esse, docturus esse tracturus esse, auditurus esse Passive To be carried portari, doceri, trahi, audiri To have been carried portatus esse, doctus esse, tractus esse, auditus esse traxisse trahere tracturum esse to drag to have dragged to be about to drag tractum esse trahi to be dragged to have been dragged laudavisse moneri dictus esse videri audire responsurus esse narrare dicturus esse fugisse laboratus esse amavisse intellectus esse aedificari quaeri promissurus esse mitti pugnavisse poni Indirect Statement Check the tense of the infinitive. Check the tense of the introductory verb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. puer dixit fratrem suum tandem dormire. senator dixit virum multos servos necavisse. sentio urbem a multis miltibus captam esse. rex promisit se auxilium nobis missurum esse. rex nesciebat omnes amicos fugisse. audio iter sine navibus faceri. senex dixit se nihil audivisse, uxorem perterritam fuisse, domum incensam esse. 1. dicunt nautas tabernas amare. 2. dicit Romanos castra prope flumen posuisse. 3. speramus imperatorem auxilium cras laturum esse. 4. dicit urbem oppugnatam esse. 5. omnes putaverunt triclinium pulcherrimum esse. 6. dominus dixit servum diligentissime laboravisse. 7. negavit se umquam in Italia fuisse. 8. adstantes responderunt senem domum Uses of the infinitive 1. With certain verbs…. volo, nolo, malo, constituo, amo 2. With passive of dico and video (translated ‘seem’ in passive) e.g. intravisse dicitur. e.g. intraturi esse videntur. 3. Indirect statement (accusative + infinitive) 1. 2. 3. 4. domum redire nolebat. Vergilius mortuus esse dicitur. servus laborare videtur. domina ad theatrum ire vult, dominus ad amphitheatrum ire mavult. 5. multae naves in saxa deleti esse videntur. 6. amo dormire, servus laborare non vult, puellae saltare contituerunt. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. servum laborare iubeo. num in silva diu manere times? nonne haec ancilla laudari vult? ille senator esse crudelis dicitur hic senex a te curari non vult. senex solus mori mavult. meus frater cibum consumpsisse videtur.