Transcript French Verb
PAST Passé Composé TENSE The Passé Composé is constructed with an auxiliary verb and the past participle of the verb AUX P. P. Auxiliary verb + past participle AVOIR ÊTRE To have To be Both conjugated in the present tense Group I verbs ( verbs that end in ER ) Example : donner 1st step: remove ER from the verb example: donn 2nd step: add é example: donné 100% of the past participles of this group end in é French Verb * donner parler P. P. ( F ) English Verb * to give to speak P. P. ( E ) * donné parlé * given spoken Group II verbs ( verbs that end in IR ) 1st step: remove R Example : fini FRENCH VERB ENGLISH VERB P. P. ( F ) finir to finish fini partir to leave parti P. P. ( E ) finished left vu EXAMPLE seen voir to see ( past participle) * Not all group 2 verbs end in I . Some group 2 P. P. end in U. Group III Verbs that end in RE Example : vendre (To sell) 1st step : remove RE Example : vend 2nd step : add U Example : vendu French verb English verb vendre pendre to sell P. P. ( F ) vendu pendu To hang P. P. ( E ) sold hanged * Not all group 3 verbs end in U. Some Group 3 P. P. end in I. Most verbs take : “to have” as auxiliary example: to give = donner past participle = donné (given) Auxiliary + Past Participle J’ai donné tu as donné il elle a donné nous avons donné vous avez donné ils, elles ont donné example: tu as donné le gateau à Christine ? Did you give the cake to Christine? IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES Examples : French verb devoir voir mettre écrire English verb P. P. ( F ) P. P. ( E ) to have to du had to to know su known to put on mis put on to write écrit written * When past tense is in the negative form : Subject + ne + auxiliary + pas + past participle EXAMPLE : Elle a mis son eau de cologne ? non, elle n’ a pas mis son eau de cologne. RULE OF AGREEMENT “to have” as auxiliary The P. P. agrees in gender and number with the DIRECT OBJECT placed before the verb. Guidelines If the direct object is feminine and singular, add E to the past participle Example : I saw her Je l’ai vue If the direct object is feminine and plural, add ES to the past participle Example : the dresses? She put them on the bed. Les robes ? Elle les a mises sur le lit. If the direct object is masculine and plural, add S to the past participle Example : I saw them. Je les ai vus. Some verbs take “to be” as auxiliary to be = être example: aller = to go être + past participle allé gone je suis allé nous sommes allés tu es allé vous etes allés il est allé ils sont allés elle est allée elles sont allées 16 verbs take “ to be “ as auxiliary, these are mostly verbs of motion French verb Aller entrer rentrer rester tomber arriver retourner monter partir sortir venir revenir devenir mourir descendre naître English verb To go to enter to go home/to reenter to stay to fall to arrive to return to go up to leave to go out to come to come back to become to die to go down to be born P.P. (F) P.P. (E) allé entré rentré resté tombé arrivé retourné monté parti sorti venu revenu devenu mort descendu né Gone entered gone home stayed fallen arrived returned gone up left gone out come come back become died gone down born Verbs that are not listed under “ to be” take “to have” as auxiliary Rule of agreement of the Past Participle with “to be” as auxiliary The Past Participle agrees in gender and number with the SUBJECT If the subject is masculine / plural, add S to the past participle Example : They stayed at home, Saturday night. Ils sont restés à la maison samedi soir. If the subject is feminine / singular, add E to the past participle. Example : She went out with Ricky Martin. Elle est sortie avec Ricky Martin If the subject is feminine / plural, add ES to the past participle Example : Chippy and Catherine went to Boracay Chippy and Catherine sont allées à Boracay.