Transcript Terrestrial - Blue Valley Schools

All Planets Comparison
Terrestrial
Size
Mass
/Jovian
Terrestrial
2nd
small
est
Less
massive
than
Earth
Distance from
sun
Period of
.387 AU
(35,983,095
miles )
Perihelion=
0.3075 A.U.
Aphelion=
0.4667AU
88 days
(.24
years)
(118,557
mph),
176
Days= 1
rotation
Revolution
Satellites
Composition of Special
ATM
features
None
Little to no
ATM
Temp swings:
467 Celsius to
-183 Celsius
Escape
velocity=4.3
km/s
Terrestrial
Size
Mass
/Jovian
Terrestrial
Smaller
than
Earth
But
bigger
than
mercury
Less
massive
than
Earth,
but more
massive
than
Mars
Distance from
sun
Period of
.723 AU
(67,237,910
miles )
Perihelion=
0.718 A.U
Aphelion=
0.728AU
1 Rotation=
243 Earth
days
Revolution=
225 days
Venus rotates
retrograde
(.62 year)
revolution
Satellites
Composition
None
Carbon dioxide Covered by
thick, rapidly
, sulfur &
spinning clouds
nitrogen
Escape
velocity=10.4
km/s
Special
features
that trap surface
heat, Atm made
of CO2 , temp
450 C, surface
pressure is 90
times that of
earth
Terrestrial
Size
Mass
/Jovian
Terrestrial
Largest of
the
terrestrial
planets,
but
smaller
than the
Jovian
excluding
pluto
More massive
than the
terrestrial
planets, but
less than the
Jovian
excluding
pluto
Distance from
sun
Period of
1 AU
(92,955,820
miles )
Perihelion=
91,400,000
miles
Aphelion=
94,500,000
miles
1 Rotation=
23.93 hrs
Revolution=
1 year
revolution
Satellites
Composition of Special
Atm
features
Moon
Nitrogen,
Oxygen, water
vapor, Argon,
Carbon dioxide
Contains water
in all 3 forms,
contains life,
has seasons
due to tilt
Escape
velocity=11.2
km/s
Terrestrial
Size
Mass
/Jovian
Terrestrial
Smaller
than
Earth
Less massive
than Earth,
Mercury &
Venus
Distance from
sun
Period of
revolution
1 Rotation=
1.523662
24.62
A.U.
hours
Perihelion= Revolution=
1.381 AU
1.8807
Aphelion= Earth
years= 1.9
1.666 A.U. years
(686.93
Earth days)
Satellites
Composition of Special
Atm
features
Phobos,
Deimos
Carbon Dioxide, Contains ice,
Nitrogen, Argon Similar seasons
(tilt=25.19),
Escape
velocity=5.0
km/s
Terrestrial Planet Comparison
Crater Comparisons
Asteroid Belt
• Btwn Mars & Jupiter
• Small planet like bodies
• Held in orbit due to gravitational pull btwn
sun and Jupiter
• Debris left over from creation of solar
system
• Baron rocky surfaces
Terrestrial
Size
Mass
/Jovian
Jovian
Largest in Most massive
solar
system
Distance from
sun
Period of
5.20336
A.U.Periheli
on=4.952
A.U
Aphelion=
5.455 A.U.
1 Rotation=
revolution
9.925
hours
Revolution=
11.8565
Earth
years
Satellites
Composition of Special
Atm
features
4 planet sized: Io
(volcanically
active),
Europa,(ocean
under frozen
crust), Ganymede
(largest moon &
own magnetic
field), and Callisto
(icy ocean) &
59 other moons
Hydrogen,
Helium
Escape
velocity=60
km/s
Missed becoming
a star (needed to
be 80 times more
massive), looks
like a miniature
solar system, the
most moons,
Great Red Spotstorm been going
for 300 yrs & Red
Jr. discovered
2000, has dark
rings
1. Metis
2. Adrastea
3. Amalthea
4. Thebe
5. Io
6. Europa
7. Ganymede
8. Callisto
9. Themisto
10. Leda
11. Himalia
12. Lysithea
13. Elara
14. S/2000 J11
15. Iocaste
16. Praxidike
17. Harpalyke
18. Ananke
19. Isonoe
20. Erinome
21. Taygete
22. Chaldene
23. Carme
24. Pasiphae
25. S/2002 J1
26. Kalyke
27. Magaclite
28. Sinope
29. Callirrhoe
30. Euporie
31. Kale
32. Orthosie
33. Thyone
34. Euanthe
35. Hermippe
36. Pasithee
37. Eurydome
38. Aitne
39. Sponde
40. Autonoe
41. S/2003 J1
42. S/2003 J2
43. S/2003 J3
44. S/2003 J4
45. S/2003 J5
46. S/2003 J6
47. S/2003 J7
48. S/2003 J8
49. S/2003 J9
50. S/2003 J10
51. S/2003 J11
52. S/2003 J12
53. S/2003 J13
54. S/2003 J14
55. S/2003 J15
56. S/2003 J16
57. S/2003 J17
58. S/2003 J18
59. S/2003 J19
60. S/2003 J20
61. S/2003 J21
62. S/2003 J22
63. S/2003 J23
Terrestrial
Size
Mass
/Jovian
Jovian
2nd
2nd Most
Largest in massive
solar
system
Distance from
sun
Period of
9.53707
A.U.
Perihelion=
9.021 A.U
Aphelion=
10.054 A.U.
1 Rotation=
revolution
10.656
hours
Revolution=
29.5
Earth
years
Satellites
Composition of Special
Atm
features
47 moons:
Hydrogen,
Helium
Great White Spot,
rings of saturnCassini Division,
temp -288 F,
density is less
than water (it
would float), core
temp 12000K
Escape
velocity=36
km/s
1. Albiorix
2. Atlas
3. Calypso
4. Daphnis
5. Dione
6. Enceladus
7. Epimetheus
8. Erriapo
9. Helene
10. Hyperion
11. Iapetus
12. Ijiraq
13. Janus
14. Kiviuq
15. Mimas
16. Methone
17. Mundilfari
18. Paaliaq
19. Narvi
20. Pan
21. Pallene
22. Pandora
23. Phoebe
24. Polydeuces
25. Prometheus
26. Rhea
27. Siarnaq
28. Skadi
29. Suttung
30. Tarvos
31. Telesto
32. Tethys
33. Thrym
34. Titan
35. Ymir
36. S/2004 S7
37. S/2004 S8
38. S/2004 S9
39. S/2004 S10
40. S/2004 S11
41. S/2004 S12
42. S/2004 S13
43. S/2004 S14
44. S/2004 S15
45. S/2004 S16
46. S/2004 S17
47. S/2004 S18
Terrestrial
Size
Mass
/Jovian
Jovian
3rd
Largest in
solar
system
Massive, but
smaller in
mass than
saturn
Distance from
sun
Period of
A.U (2.8
billion miles
from sun)
Perihelion=
18.286 A.U
Aphelion=
20.09 A.U.
1 Rotation=
revolution
-17.24
hours
(retrograde)
Revolution=
84.02
Earth
years
Satellites
Composition of Special
Atm
features
27 moons
83% hydrogen,
15% helium and
2% methane
Escape
velocity=21
km/s
Uranus gets its
blue-green color
from methane gas,
liquid core
consisting primarily
of 'icy' materials
(water, methane,
and ammonia), with
higher-density
material at depth,
“sits on its sidesouth pole points to
the sun, has rings
1. Cordelia
2. Ophelia
3. Bianca
4. Cressida
5. Desdemona
6. Juliet
7. Portia
8. Rosalind
9. Mab
10. Belinda
11. Perdita
12. Puck
13. Cupid
14. Miranda
15. Francisco
16. Ariel
17. Umbriel
18. Titania
19. Oberon
20. Caliban
21. Stephano
22. Trinculo
23. Sycorax
24. Margaret
25. Prospero
26. Setebos
27. Ferdinand
Terrestrial
Size
Mass
/Jovian
Jovian
4th
Largest in
solar
system
Massive, but
smaller in
mass than
saturn
Distance from
sun
Period of
30.069 A.U
Perihelion=
29.811 A.U
Aphelion=
30.327 A.U
1 Rotation=
revolution
16.11
hours
Revolution=
164.79
Earth
years
Satellites
Composition of Special
Atm
features
13 moons
83% hydrogen,
15% helium and
2% methane
Discovered by
deviations in Uranus’
orbit, due to Pluto's
unusual elliptical orbit,
Neptune is actually the
farthest planet from
the Sun for a 20-year
period out of every
248 Earth years , 353F
Escape
velocity=24
km/s
1. Naiad
2. Thalassa
3. Despina
4. Nereid
5. Galatea
6. Larissa
7. Proteus
8. Triton
9. S/2002 N1
10. S/2002 N2
11. S/2002 N3
12. S/2002 N4
13. Psamathe
The scientists agreed that for a
celestial body to qualify as a planet:
• it must be in orbit around a star
• it must be large enough that it takes on
a nearly round shape
• it has cleared its orbit of other objects
A "dwarf planet" is a celestial body
that…
• is in orbit around the Sun
• has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to
overcome rigid body forces so that it
assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly
round) shape,
• has not cleared the neighborhood around
its orbit, and
• is not a satellite.
Dwarf Planets
• In addition, since the early 1990s, astronomers have
found several objects of comparable size to Pluto in an
outer region of the Solar System called the Kuiper Belt.
• The critical blow for Pluto came with the discovery three
years ago of an object currently designated 2003 UB313.
After being measured with the Hubble Space Telescope,
it was shown to be some 3,000km (1,864 miles) in
diameter: it is bigger than Pluto.
• 2003 UB313 will now join Pluto in the dwarf category,
along with the biggest asteroid in the Solar System,
Ceres.
PLUTO - A 'DEMOTED PLANET'
Dwarf Planet: Pluto
• Pluto's status has been contested for many years. It is further away
and considerably smaller than the eight other "traditional" planets in
our Solar System. At just 2,360km (1,467 miles) across, Pluto is
smaller even than some moons in the Solar System.
• Named after underworld god
• Average of 5.9bn km to Sun
• Orbits Sun every 248 years
• Diameter of 2,360km
• Has at least three moons
• Rotates every 6.8 days
• Gravity about 6% of Earth's
• Surface temperature -233C
• An unmanned US spacecraft, New Horizons, is due to fly by Pluto
and the Kuiper Belt in 2015.
Period of
/Jovian
Distance from
sun
Terrestrial
NOT A
PLANETDWARF
PLANET
39.482 A.U
Perihelion=
29.658 A.U
Aphelion=
49.305 A.U
1 Rotation=
Terrestrial
Size
Mass
revolution
6.387
Earth
days
153.3
hours
Revolution=
247.92
Earth
years
Satellites
Composition of Special
Atm
features
1 moon: Charon:
same size, HST:
discovered 2 more
smaller moons
orbiting Pluto
Primarily of
nitrogen with
some carbon
monoxide and
methane
Surface: 70%
rock, 30% ice
Escape
velocity=1.3
km/s
In fact, we now know
that there are a very
large number of
smaller objects in the
Kuiper Belt beyond the
orbit of Neptune.
Another larger object
in Kuiper Belt- should
it be classified as a
planet too?, Saturn is
sometimes the farthest
planet as Pluto’s orbit
is highly eccentric, sfc
temps: -235 and -210
C
New Solar System:
All Planets Comparison
Kuiper Belt
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
pronounced Ki-Per
our solar system's 'final frontier
New Horizon’s Mission to send a satellite to the belt
disk-shaped region past the orbit of Neptune
extending roughly from 30 to 50 AU from the Sun
containing many small icy bodies.
It is now considered to be the source of the short-period
comets.
• At least 35,000 Kuiper Belt objects greater than 100 km
in diameter,
Beyond the Solar System
• 100 other Planets have been discovered
orbiting other stars
• Comets, Asteroids etc..
• Oort Cloud
Oort Cloud
In 1950 Jan Oort noticed that :
• no comet has been observed with an orbit
that indicates that it came from interstellar
space,
• there is a strong tendency for aphelia of
long period comet orbits to lie at a
distance of about 50,000 AU, and
• there is no preferential direction from
which comets come.
Comets
• pieces of rocky and metallic materials held together by
frozen gases, such as water, ammonia, methane, carbon
dioxide, and carbon monoxide.
• travel in very elongated orbits that carry them far beyond
Pluto.
• hundreds of thousands of years to complete a single
orbit around the sun.
• Coma: as it approaches the sun, solar energy begins to
vaporize the frozen gases producing a glowing head
• Tail forms as the solar wind pushes the vaporizing
particles away (when away from sun no tail)