Transcript Trojan War and The Fall of Troy

Chapters 13/14
“The Trojan War”
And
“The Fall of Troy”
Bell ringer
• Convince your partner why your hero is better
than his or her hero!
• Achilles’ Heel Vocab.
Objectives
• SWBAT identify the essential characters and
events of the Trojan War.
• SWBAT investigate and evaluate the facts and
mythological beliefs about the Trojan War
through an epic such as The Iliad.
• Students will review the definition of climax
and discuss the term crisis.
AGENDA
• Bell ringer: please check your answers to the
matching portion of the homework or results
of Achilles’ heel
• Discussion of Chapters 13/14.
• Exit slip-Choose sides!
The story of the Trojan War is a complicated tale full of numerous characters.
Bell ringer: Please check your answers and discuss mistakes with your
partner.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Patroclus
Achilles
Hecuba
Odysseus
Pandarus
Paris
Oenone
Andromache
Agamemnon
Eris
Briseis
Thetis
Priam
Helen
Hector
Menelaus
c. Achilles’ best friend; killed by Hector
i. Greatest Greek warrior and victor; weakness in the heel
a. Queen of Troy
k. King of Ithaca; feigned madness to avoid going to war
l. Broke truce by shooting an arrow at Menelaus
j. His judgment began the Trojan War.
e. Nymph abandoned by Paris
n. Hector’s wife
o. Greek commander who steals Achilles’ prize of honor-(Briseis)
h. Evil goddess of Discord
m. maiden who was stolen from Achilles
g. Achilles’ mother
f. King of Troy
b. Fairest woman in the world; cause of Trojan War
p. Prince of Troy; “Tamer of Horses;” lost to Achilles
d. Husband chosen for Helen; King of Sparta
The Iliad by Homer
• The beginning of Greek literature is marked by
The Iliad, which cannot be accurately dated, and
which is attributed to the poet Homer, about
whom nothing is known except his name and that
he was blind.
• In fact, many scholars believe Homer
may have actually been a woman!
#1. Edith Hamilton considers it the
greatest narrative poem!
The Iliad
• The Iliad itself describes the events of a few
weeks in the ten-year siege of Troy.
• The subject of the epic poem is the anger of
Achilles; the crisis of the poem is the duel
between Achilles and Hector.
(climax-The turning point of uncertainty and tension resulting from earlier conflict in
a plot. At the moment of crisis in a story, it is unclear if the protagonist will succeed
or fail in his struggle.)
War and peace, with their corresponding aspects of
human nature are implicit in every situation and
statement of the poem. (Think THEME!)
2. What caused the Trojan War?
• Paris is asked to choose among Aphrodite,
Hera, and Athena as the fairest (prettiest)
woman.
• He gives the golden apple to Aphrodite
because she has promised to give him the
fairest woman (HELEN) in the world.
• This “judgment of Paris” eventually leads to
the Trojan War.
3. Helen of Troy
• Helen is the fairest mortal in the world;
Aphrodite knows this and brings Paris to
Helen. All the former suitors of Helen have
sworn to punish anyone who tries to take her
away after her marriage to Menelaus.
• When Paris (the prince of Troy) breaks the
bond and carries Helen away, they vow
revenge on Troy and the war begins.
4. How does Odysseus (Ulysses) feel
about the war?
• He pretends to be insane because he does not
want to leave his family.
• However, he gives himself away when his son’s
life is threatened.
5. What happens to Achilles?
• His mother does not want him to go to Troy
because he is destined to die if he does so.
• He, too, is discovered and made to go. She
attempts to protect him with a charm.
6. What sacrifice is Agamemnon
required to make?
• If he is to save his ships; he has to sacrifice his
eldest daughter, Iphigenia. He does so after
the winds remain unfavorable for sailing.
7. What happens at the end of nine
years of fighting with neither side
victorious?
– There is a quarrel, and Achilles refuses to fight any
longer. The Greeks begin to be driven back.
8. What happens during a
pause in the war?
• Paris and Menelaus fight in single combat.
Menelaus wins, but Paris (protected by
Aphrodite) escapes unharmed.
• 9. What happens to Patroclus?
• When Achilles continues to refuse to fight,
Patroclus borrows his armor and is killed by
Hector.
10. What does Achilles do then?
• He comes forward in order to get revenge for his
friend’s death.
• Hector and Achilles are engaged in battle, even
though Achilles knows that he will die if Hector
dies.
• After Achilles has killed Hector; he drags his body
around the city.
• Later, he returns the body to King Priam
(Hector’s father) and indicates regret
for his actions.
11. What happens to Achilles?
• He dies when Paris shoots an arrow which
strikes Achilles in his one vulnerable spot-his
heel.
Chapter 14: The Fall of Troy
• 1. Who becomes the leader of the Greek
efforts after Achilles is killed?
– After Achilles is killed by the arrows of Hercules,
Odysseus takes over the attempt to bring about
the fall of Troy.
2. What famous subterfuge (trick) do
the Greeks use to overthrow Troy?
• The Greeks build a huge wooden horse and
hide several warriors inside it. This is brought
in front of the gates of Troy. The Trojans are
convinced that the horse is a means of
placating Athena. It is pulled into the city.
Troy is destroyed when the Greek warriors
inside the horse come out, kill the Trojan
guards, and open the gates of the city.
3. After the fall of Troy, what mistakes
do the Greeks make?
• They celebrate their victory but do not give
credit to the gods for their victory.
Athena and Poseidon punish them.
Exit Slip:
• As the Trojan War raged on between the
Greeks and Trojans, the gods each chose a
favorite side. Place each god under the
appropriate column in the chart according to
which side he or she supported.
•
GREEKS
TROJANS
• (4 gods under each army!)
Answers
•GREEKS
TROJANS
•
•
•
•
APHRODITE
ARES
APOLLO
ZEUS
HERA
ATHENA
POSEIDON
ARTEMIS