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The Iliad
 Agenda: Information about
 Hostory
through Pictures
 Home
 Text
Analysis
 Mythological Background
The World of the Iliad
Rand McNally, Atlas of World History, pp. 22
The Trojan plain
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 41
Hisarlik
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 93
Reconstruction of Troy VI - 13th century
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 204
Troy VI from the North
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 204
The walls of Troy VI
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 74
The walls of Troy
Finding the Walls of Troy, p 229
The walls of Troy
Finding the Walls of Troy, p 230
Treasure of Priam
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 59
Sophie Schliemann
Wearing the Jewels
of Helen
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 59
Mycenae from the East
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 66
Golden Mycenae
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 189-90
Ruins at Mycenae
Ruins at Mycenae
Lion Gate at Mycenae (E. Dodwell)
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 74
Mycenae and the Plain of Argos
National Geographic, Dec 99, pp. 66
Lion Gate at Mycenae
In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 75
National Geographic, Dec 99, pp. 64
National Geographic, Dec 99, pp. 65
Mt Olympus
Mt Olympus
Early Classical Doric temple of Zeus at Olympia
Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece, pp. 336
Temple of Hera at Olympia
Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece, pp. 340
Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi
Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece, pp. 349
Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi
Mythology
 Begins with Homer 1000 B.C.
 Explains something in nature


Doesn’t have anything to do with religion, but
rather how natural phenomenon came into
existence.
Form of early entertainment
Writers
 Homer
Homer
 Wrote The Iliad and The
Odyssey
 Iliad is the first written
record of Greece
 Homer was an Ionian of
the 8th or 9th century
B.C.E., which would
place his writings also
more than 3 centuries
after the Trojan War,
Homeric Period
 The time period around 1400 B.C. was an era where
Mycenae, the traditional home of Agamemnon, brother of
Menelaus and leader of the Greek warriors in Troy,
dominated the mainland, and his island of Crete assumed
the political and military status of master of the eastern
Mediterranean. A golden age of splendor arouse during
this period, as shown by excavations of the royal graves at
Mycenae, and the cultural and religious traditions of the
eminent classical Greece began to take form. This is the
Homeric, or Heroic, Age - also called Mycenaean, or Late
Minoan -for the culture and values of the latter part of this
period are those permanently embodied in the Homeric
poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey.
Hesiod
 Hesiod (Hesiodos) was an early Greek poet
and rhapsode, believed to have lived around
the year 700 BCE. From the 5th century BCE,
literary historians have debated the priority of
Hesiod or of Homer. Most modern scholars
now agree that Homer lived before Hesiod.
 Hesiod serves as a major source for
knowledge of Greek mythology, of farming
techniques, of archaic Greek astronomy and
of ancient time-keeping
Important Names, Dates and
Terminology
 8th century BCE
 1184 BCE
 Homer
 Description
 The
Homeric Question
 Epic
 Oral Tradition
Important Themes, Motifs and
Narratological Elements
 CHOICE and PERSUASION
 THE HEROIC CODE
 LEADERSHIP
 TRIANGULAR RELATIONSHIPS
 SIMILES
 THE GODS
Do NOT Reduce the Iliad to either:
 PRIDE (Hubris)
Or
 FATE
Characteristics of Homeric Text:
 Beginning in medias res
 Cinematic presentation of events and of
warfare
 Look for sense imagery in the text
 Use of SIMILES
 Use of PARALLELISM when discussing
events, characters and gods
Homeric Cycle
 Series of texts about Troy
 Some tell the same stories as the
Homeric epics
 Many tell entirely different stories
 What still exists contains only a part
of the entire story of the Trojan War
Mythological Stories You Need to
Know
 Helen and the Suitors
 Wedding of Peleus and Thetis
 Hecuba’s Dream of the Burning
City
 Judgment of Paris
 Assembling the Suitors
 Sacrifice of Iphigenia
Helen and the Suitors
 Helen: daughter of Tyndareus
 Clytemnestra: daughter of Tyndareus; twin
of Helen; (later) wife of Agamenon
 Penelope: niece to Tyndareus
Suitors
 Agamemnon: king of Argos; son of Atreus;
brother of Menelaus
 Menelaus: brother of Agamemnon
 Odysseus: king of Ithaka; (later) husband of
Penelope
 Ajax: son of Telemon; great warrior
Hecuba’s Dream of the Burning City
Priam = Hecuba
__________________|___________________
SONS:
DAUGHTERS
Hektor (m. Andromache)
Cassandra
Paris (m. Helen)
Polyxena
Deiphobus
Creusa
Polydorus
47 other daughters
46 more sons
Wedding of Peleus and Thetis
 Thetis: water nymph, daughter of
Nereus
 Peleus: mortal man, son of Aeacus,
King of Aegina
 Thetis and Peleus are the parents
of Achilles
Wedding of Peleus and Thetis (cont.)
OLYMPIAN GODS
 Aphrodite: goddess of love
 Apollo: god of healing, music, prophecy
 Ares: god of war
 Artemis: goddess of the hunt
 Athena: goddess of wisdom, strategy
 Demeter: goddess of the Harvest
 Hephaistos: god of fire and metal craft; son of Hera and Zeus;
crippled because he was thrown by Zeus
 Hera: wife of Zeus
 Hermes: messenger god
 Poseidon: god of the sea
 Zeus: king of the gods; (very unfaithful) husband to Hera
Wedding of Peleus and Thetis (cont.)
 ERIS: Goddess of Discord, not invited to the
wedding of Peleus and Thetis
 Golden apple inscribed “To the Fairest”
Assembling the Suitors
Agamemnon
Menelaus
Odysseus
Ajax
Achilles – the most difficult to
find
Gaining a Strong Wind
Agamemnon = Clytemnestra
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Iphigeneia
Electra
Orestes
Key Aspects of the Epic’s Opening
 Emphasis on the 1st word
 Invocation of the Muse
Questions
 What events are set into motion in the
opening 2 pages?
 Who is who?
 What are the key words?
 Are any of the themes mentioned earlier
present in this segment of text?
For Next Class
 You are instructed to wrote a response
to something you find difficult in the text.
 Pick a passage of no more than 20 lines
that you find important and/or difficult
and write about it. We will use these
student-chosen passages as the basis
for discussion next class.