Transcript Operating Systems: Hidden Software

Welcome to CMPE003
Personal Computers:
Hardware and
Software
Dr. Chane Fullmer
Fall 2002
UC Santa Cruz
Assignments
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Details on the class web page:
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TAs
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http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe003/Fall02/
Dyng Au
Dat Nguyen
Sections
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Monday – 9 -11AM, SS 1 #135
Tuesday/Thursday – 11 – 12PM, JBE #109
Friday – 9 – 11AM, JBE #109
September 25, 2002
2
st
1
Homework
Due Friday
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NOTE:
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This homework must be completed successfully
to continue in this class
If this homework is not received by the due date,
you will be dropped from the class
No adds will be allowed after this due date
(assuming there is any room)
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Due Friday September 27, 2002
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Must be received by 11:59 PM
September 25, 2002
3
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Software in the Background
Chapter 2
Part a
Operating Systems
September 25, 2002
Objectives of Chapter 2
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Describe the functions of an Operating System
Explain the basics of a personal computer operating
system
Describe the advantages of a graphical operating system
Differentiate among different operating systems
Explain the need for network operating systems
Describe the methods of resource allocation on large
computers
Be able to describe the differences among multiprocessing,
multiprogramming, and timesharing
Explain the principles of memory management
List several functions typically performed by utility programs
September 25, 2002
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Operating System
Hidden Software
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Definition – provides access to all resources
Kernel
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Manages the operating system
Memory resident
Loads set of programs that lies between applications
software and the hardware
Fundamental software that controls non-resident portions of
the OS as needed
Booting – Loads the kernel into memory
September 25, 2002
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Systems Software
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Definition:
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All programs related to coordinating computer
operations
Components
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Operating System
Utility programs
Program language translators
September 25, 2002
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Functions of OS
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Manage the computer’s resources
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CPU
Memory
Disk drives
Printers
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Establish a user interface
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Execute and provide services for applications
software
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Carries out all input and output operation
September 25, 2002
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User Interface
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Facilitates communication between the user and
the operating system
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Two forms
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Command line
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Text-based
Key commands
Examples: MS-DOS, Unix
Graphical user interface (GUI) (pronounced “gooey”)
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Visual images
Menus
Examples: X Windows (UNIX), M$ Windows, Mac OS
September 25, 2002
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Platform
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Definition:
Computer hardware and operating system
software that dictate what other software
can run
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Wintel (Windows/Intel)
Intel-based PC running MS Windows
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SPARC (Sun Microsystems)
Sun based architecture running Solaris (UNIX)
September 25, 2002
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OS is Hidden
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User interested in application
software to make the PC
useful
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Application software is
platform specific
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User must be aware of the
type of OS
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User should be aware of the
functions of OS
September 25, 2002
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Types of OS’s
Command line
Single user PC
Multi-user
Network(ed) Operating System (NOS)
September 25, 2002
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MS-DOS
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Command-line interface – ala UNIX
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Prompt – system is waiting for you to do
something
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Type in a command
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Not user-friendly
September 25, 2002
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Microsoft Windows
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Graphical user
interface
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Eases access to
the OS
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Most new
computers come
with Windows
already installed
September 25, 2002
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GUI (Graphical User Interface)
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Aka WIMP interface
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Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer
On-screen pictures
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Icons
Menus
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Pull down
Pop up
Click to activate a command or
function
Fast and Easy
Intuitive (usually)
September 25, 2002
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Early Days of Windows
Operating environment for MS-DOS
Shell – layer added between users
and DOS
September 25, 2002
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Windows Today
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Home/consumer market
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Corporate market
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Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows Millennium Edition (ME)
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Pocket computers and Internet appliances
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Windows CE
September 25, 2002
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Windows 95 and 98
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Self-contained OS
DOS commands still available
Start programs by
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Start button
Double clicking the icon
Task bar permits movement between open
programs
Long file names up to 255 characters
Plug and play
Object linking and embedding (OLE)
September 25, 2002
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Windows 98 Additions
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Internet / intranet browsing
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Support for DVD and additional
multimedia components
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Support for large hard drives
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TV viewer and broadcast ability
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Wizards
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Improved Windows Features
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Backup
Interfaces with other software
Networking features
Security
Dr. Watson
September 25, 2002
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Windows ME
Millennium Edition
Multimedia support -- Windows Media Player 7
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Jukebox
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Windows Movie Maker
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Record music CDs as digital files
Basic video editing
Windows Image Acquisition
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Scanner and digital camera
September 25, 2002
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Windows NT
New Technology
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Engineered for stability
Strong security
Versions
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NT Workstation
NT Server
Drawbacks
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Lacks support for older Windows and MS-DOS
software and hardware
Complex to learn and use
Requires more memory and processing power
September 25, 2002
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Windows 2000
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Stability features
Security features
Uses simple approach to hardware setup from
Windows 98
Versions
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Windows 2000 Professional for individual users
Windows 2000 for network servers
Was intended for both the corporate and home
use, replacing Win NT and Win 98
September 25, 2002
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Windows 2000
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Complex
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Heavy demand for computer resources
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Improvements over windows NT
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Maintains user preferences
Self-healing applications software
Supports Windows 98 file structure
Uses plug and play
Provides improved support for laptops
September 25, 2002
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Windows XP
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Extends Windows ME and provides a
more stable environment
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Two categories
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Network server
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3 versions based upon network complexity
Desktop computer
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2 versions
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Professional Client
Personal Client
September 25, 2002
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Windows CE
Consumer Electronics
Subset of Windows
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Less memory
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Smaller screens
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Little or no file storage
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Provides Internet connectivity
September 25, 2002
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Windows CE
Consumer Electronics
Where used
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Embedded systems
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Industrial controllers
Robots
Office equipment
Cameras
Telephones
Home entertainment devices
Automobile navigation systems
Pocket PC
Internet appliance market
September 25, 2002
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Accessibility Options
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Seeing
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Hearing
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Touching
September 25, 2002
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Mac OS (Apple Computer)
September 25, 2002
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First
commercially
successful GUI
(1984)
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Served as a
model to other
GUI systems
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UNIX
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Supports
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Multi-user
Time-sharing
Character-based system
Command-line interface
GUI: X-Windows
Runs on various processors and many types of
platforms
Primary OS used on Internet servers
September 25, 2002
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Free BSD
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A Free, public domain version of Berkeley UNIX
Open source software
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GNU General Public License
Download it free
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www.freebsd.org
Make changes and use freely
XFree86 GUI included
PC Setup
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PC comes with Windows installed
Install FreeBSD in a dual-boot configuration
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(or reformat drives and use only FreeBSD)
September 25, 2002
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LINUX
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UNIX-like OS
Open-source software
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Download it free
Make changes
Distribute copies
Restriction – any changes must be made freely available to the
public
PC Setup
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PC comes with Windows installed
Install LINUX in a dual-boot configuration
September 25, 2002
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UNIX (FreeBSD, LINUX, etc)
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Advantages over Windows
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Extremely stable
Internet support designed in from the beginning
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UC Berkeley had early TCP/IP Unix distribution
Reinstallation is simpler
Disadvantage
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Scarcity of applications for new toys
September 25, 2002
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Networked Operating Systems
NOS
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Designed to permit computers on a network to
share resources
Examples
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Windows 2000 Server
Novell Net Ware
UNIX – NFS…
Provides
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Data security
Troubleshooting
Administrative control
September 25, 2002
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NOS Functions
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Split between client and server computers
Server
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Client
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File management
Requests to the server
Messaging
Has own local OS
Makes the resources appear as if they are local
to the client’s computer
September 25, 2002
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Large Computer OSs
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Used by many people at once
OS works “behind the scenes” so users
can share
OS must control
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Who gets access to resources
What keeps the programs from different users
from getting mixed up with one another
September 25, 2002
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Friday……
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Finish our discussion of Operating
Systems
Resource allocation
 Multiprocessing, multiprogramming,
time-sharing
 Memory management
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September 25, 2002
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See you..
…..Friday
September 25, 2002
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