Transcript Disk Operating System

Introduction to Computing
Lecture # 5
Outline
• Common operating systems
– Desktop & laptop operating systems
– Network operating systems
– Embedded operating systems
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OS for Different Computers
• Different computers have their own OS
• Examples of OS:
– For PC: DOS, OS/2, Win 98/NT/2000/XP, vista,
Window 7, Mac OS
– For pocket PDA: Windows CE, Palm OS
– For minicomputers: VAX/VMS
– For mainframes: MVS and VM
– Other OSs: Unix, Linux, Sun Solaris
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• An OS written for one kind of computer will not
be able to run on another machine without
modification
Desktop & Laptop Operating Systems
• Platform - the particular
processor model and
operating system on
• Disk Operating
System (DOS)
– the original operating
which a computer
system produced by
system is based
Microsoft, which had a
hard-to-use commanddriven user interface
– Single user single
tasking
– 16-bit OS
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Desktop & Laptop Operating Systems
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DOS Application
Desktop & Laptop Operating Systems
• There are two main operating systems calling
themselves DOS:
• Microsoft’s MS-DOS:
– DOS is sold under the name MS-DOS by Microsoft; the
“MS,” of course, stands for Microsoft.
– Microsoft launched its original version, MS-DOS 1.0, in
1981, and there have been many upgrades since then.
• IBM’s PC-DOS:
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– Microsoft licenses a version to IBM called PC-DOS.
– The “PC” stands for “Personal Computer.”
– The most recent version is PC-DOS 7, released March
1995.
Desktop & Laptop Operating Systems
 Mac OS - operating system which runs only on Apple
Macintosh computers
 It set the standard for icon-oriented, easy-to-use
graphical user interfaces.
 The Macintosh OS was first launched in 1984, and
inspired rival Microsoft to upgrade DOS to the more
user-friendly Windows operating systems.
• Based on FreeBSD Linux
• Very stable and easy to configure
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Desktop & Laptop Operating Systems
Mac OS X(Roman numeral 10): released in the fall
of 1999.
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Desktop & Laptop Operating Systems
• Microsoft Windows 3.X (that is, Windows 3.0, 3.1, and
3.11) - released in 1992; simply a layer over DOS
• Windows 9x
– 95, 98, and Millennium Edition (Me)
– Microsoft Windows 95/98 - successors to 3.X
– 32-bit OS
• Supports 16-bit programs as well
– 95 introduced the Start button
– 98 introduced active desktop
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– Me improved multimedia software
Desktop & Laptop Operating Systems
Windows XP - combines elements of Windows 2000
and Windows Me (32-bit version & 64-bit version)
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New GUI featured in Windows XP
Network Operating System Features
• Fast and stable
• Runs on servers
• Multi-user and multitasking OS
• 32- or 64-bit
• File and print sharing
– Users access the same files
– Hundreds of users use a printer
– Different OS can interact
• Data integrity (backups)
• Data security (restricted access)
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Network Operating Systems
• Novell’s Netware
– A popular network operating system for
coordinating microcomputer-based local area
networks (LANs) throughout a company or
campus.
– Netware was introduced by Novell in 1983.
– The current release of Netware is Netware 6.5
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Network Operating Systems
• Windows NT – Unveiled by Microsoft in May 1993.
• NT stands for “New Technology.”
• 32-bit OS
• Windows NT Workstation
– Single user multi tasking OS
• Windows NT Server: Microsoft’s multitasking OS
designed to run on network servers; it allows multiple
users to share resources such as data and programs
– Multi user multi tasking OS
– Network operating system
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Network Operating Systems
• Windows 2000 - successor to Windows NT
– Look of 9x with NT stability
– Optimized for office and developers
• Windows 2000 Server
– Same technology as 2000 workstation
– Active Directory (AD)
• Central database of server resources
• Simplifies network management
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–
–
–
–
Distributed programs supported
Server Standard Edition
Advanced Server Edition
Datacenter Server Edition
Network Operating Systems
• Windows 2003 Server
– Designed to compete with UNIX
– XP like interface
– Better support for XP computers
– Microsoft .NET framework supported
– Distributed programs are supported
– Server Standard Edition
– Datacenter Edition
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Network Operating Systems
• UNIX
– Runs on all computer types
– 32-bit or 64-bit
– Very stable and fast
– Command-line interface
– Can cost thousands of dollars
• UNIX for servers: a multitasking operating system for
multiple users with built-in networking capability and
versions that can run on all kinds of computers
– widespread use
– Stable secure and fast
– Main OS for Internet and Web
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– Large organizations depend on UNIX
Network Operating Systems
• Sun Microsystems’ Solaris
• Solaris
– Super-reliable version of Unix that seems to be
most popular for handling large e-commerce
servers and large websites.
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Network Operating Systems
• Linux - a free version of UNIX, with continual
improvements resulting from the efforts of tens of
thousands of volunteer programmers
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–
–
–
–
Free or inexpensive version of UNIX
Most flavors are open source
Very stable and fast
32-bit OS
X Windows GUI
• Command-line
interface is
available
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Network Operating Systems
• Linux for servers
– Popular in small businesses
– Stable, fast and inexpensive
– Linux’s popularity is growing
• The email service Hotmail was originally
hosted on Linux servers. Microsoft purchased
Hotmail and moved it to Windows servers. It
took Microsoft nearly a year to make Hotmail
work as well on Windows as it did on Linux.
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Introduction to Computing
Lecture # 6
What is an Embedded OS?
• An "embedded system" is any computer system or
computing device that performs a dedicated function
or is designed for use with a specific embedded
software application.
• Embedded systems may use a ROM-based operating
system or they may use a disk-based system, like a
PC. But an embedded system is not usable as a
commercially viable substitute for general purpose
computers or devices.
Systems Today
Principles of Operating Systems Lecture 1
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Irvine Sensorium
Embedded Operating Systems
• Devices have EOS built in
• Cell phones, PDAs, medical equipment
• Stable and fast
• Windows XP embedded
– Based on Windows XP
– Customized for each device
• Symbian
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– Found in smart cell phones
– Games, Instant Messaging, Internet
– Full color display
Embedded Operating Systems
• Windows CE (now Pocket PC) - slimmeddown version of Windows for handhelds
– Not based on a desktop OS
– Customized for each device
– PDA and cell phones
• Pocket PC
– Developed to compete with Palm
– Not customizable
– Interacts securely with business networks
– Can control PCs through PC
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Embedded Operating Systems
• Palm OS: the dominant OS for handhelds, which runs the Palm
and Handspring Visor, and is licensed to other companies
– Standard on Palm PDA
– First PDA OS for consumers
– Can be found on cell phones
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